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nursing > CH 13 & 15 > Flashcards

CH 13 & 15 Flashcards

1
Q

What is aging?

A

a continual process of biologic, cognitive, and psychosocial

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2
Q

When does aging begin

A

conception

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3
Q

What has caused our longevity increase

A 
healthier // lifestyle 
health care & nutrition improved
technology & education
genetics 
persons personality
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4
Q

What are some myths about older adults

A 
older adults are sick
older adults cant learn new things 
older adults are not sexually active 
older adults are poor
older adults are unhappy
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5
Q

Being an older adult is?

A

your perception of aging that influences your definition of being old

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6
Q

food intolerance causes

A

immune disorder

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7
Q

what is young old

A

65-74

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8
Q

what is middle old

A

75-84

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9
Q

what is very old

A

85 and beyond

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10
Q

What is centenarians

A

people who are 100 or older

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11
Q

what are gerontologists theory

A

specialists in the study of aging claim aging is determined by genetics

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12
Q

what are biologic theories

A

theories based on cellular function and body physiology (body time clock)

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13
Q

what are free radical theory

A

believes cells are damaged by toxins, ion break off from ion pairs, and the result free radicals are unstable

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14
Q

what is the wear and tear theory

A

states that the body cells and organs eventually wear out like machinery

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15
Q

what is the immune system theory

A

the system loses its ability to protect the body from disease

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16
Q

what is the autoimmune theory

A

here the body no longer recognizes itself and begins to attack its self and break down as it occurs in some types of arthritis

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17
Q

what is psychosocial theories

A

related to socialism and life satisfaction

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18
Q

what are disengagement theory

A

that it is normal for older people and society to withdraw from each other

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19
Q

what is activity theory

A

people who remain interested and active will continue to enjoy life and to live longer

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20
Q

what is continuity theory

A

each person continues to live and develop as the unique person he or she is

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21
Q

what is the lifespan for humans

A

115-130 years old

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22
Q

what is longevity

A

length of life

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23
Q

whats is demographic

A

statistics about populations

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24
Q

what training can improve balance and help prevent falls

A

resistance training

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25
Q

what can be an early sign of dementia in older people

A

depression

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26
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of depression in older adults

A
  • feeling sad or empty
  • feeling hopeless, irritable, anxious, or guilty
  • loss of interest in favorite activities
  • feeling very tired
  • no able to concentrate or remember details
  • not able to sleep or sleep to much
  • overeating or not eating enough
  • aces, pains, cramps, of digestive problems
  • suicidal thoughts/attempts
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27
Q

T/F older people are more like to act on suicide thoughts

A

TRUE

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28
Q

What is benign senescence

A

normal physical changes of aging, begins early in adulthood but goes unnoticed until a problem occurs

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29
Q

What are three top common health concerns for people 75+

A

1- hypertension
2- arthritis
3- heart disease

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30
Q

What are 8 leading causes of death

A 
1- heart disease 
2-cancer 
3-chronic lower respiratory disease
4-stroke
5- alzeimer's disease
6-diabetes
7-influenza 
8- pneumonia
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31
Q

Schaie’s stage of cognitive development for older adults is called the ________. This states that older adults are more selective about how they spend their day.

A

reintegrative stage

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32
Q

What is wisdom

A

having good judgement based on accumulated knowledge

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33
Q

What is ageism

A

discrimination because of age

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34
Q

what does ego integrity mean

A

state of being complete

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35
Q

what dies reminiscence mean

A

reviewing ones life

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36
Q

what are three things adult children should try to do

A

1) plan ahead
2) include everyone
3) find important information

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37
Q

What is an inter-generational household

A

where a grandparent or grandparents live with kids/grand-kids

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38
Q

what are some types of changes in cardio vascular system

A

increased heart size, decreased cardiac input, causing less blood to flow to other organs, thickened heart valves and blood vessels, slower blood cell production, and immune response

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39
Q

what are some types of changes in respiratory problems

A

thickened alveolar walls, causing less elasticity, weakened respiratory muscles. decreased vital capacity and tidal volume. decreased number of cilia

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40
Q

what are some types of changes in musculoskeletal

A

thin inter-vertebral disks, decreased bone calcium, and smaller muscle mass. less elasticity of ligaments and tendons. degeneration of cartilage

41
Q

what are some types of changes in integumentary

A

thinner/drier skin, loss of subcutaneous fat, slowed rate of hair and nail growth

42
Q

what are some types of changes in urologic

A

decreased bladder capacity and tone, loss of nephrons, slowed function of remaining nephrons, decreased sphincter control

43
Q

what are some types of changes in neurologic

A

vision, hearing, taste, smell, touch, balance, and reflexes

44
Q

what are some types of changes in endocrine

A

slowed production of all hormones. decreased metabolic rate. delayed insulin response

45
Q

what are some types of changes in gastrointestinal

A

decreased secretion of saliva, slowed peristalsis, and pancreatic functions, slowed liver, reduced absorption of nutrients

46
Q

what are some types of changes in reproductive

A

decreased hormone production, atrophy of ovaries, uterus, and vagina: benign prostatic hypertrophy slowed sexual responses

47
Q

Virginia Satir noted that when people experience change, loss, and grief they go through six stages

A

1) Status quo
2) introduction of a foreign element
3) chaos
4) integration
5) practice
6) new status quo

48
Q

What is loss?

A

no longer possessing or having an object, person, or capacity

49
Q

What is grief?

A

an emotional reaction to loss

50
Q

What are the symptoms of grief?

A

1) depression, sadness, crying, and mood swings
2) fatigue, apathy, lack of interest/motivation, inability to concentrate, inability to complete tasks
3) loneliness and isolation
4) sleep altercations
5) loss of apatite, weight loss, weight gain
6) anxiety, shortness of breathe, rapid heart beat, sighing, and heaviness of chest

51
Q

What is bereavement?

A

the state of having suffered a loss by death

52
Q

What is anticipatory grieving

A

when a person thinks or knows that a loss is going to occur in the future

53
Q

what are 5 grief indicators (peak within 6 months after loss)

A

1) denial
2) yearning
3) anger
4) depression
5) acceptance

54
Q

what does it mean to validate a loss

A

is to reassure the grieving person that the loss was important and understood

55
Q

brain death is characterized by what 3 findings?

A 
EEG-
Absence of electroencephalogram
1) coma
2) absence of brain stem reflexes 
3) apnea
56
Q

how is death defined

A

the absence of spontaneous breathing and heartbeat

57
Q

According to the world health organization (WHO) the goal of palliative care is to?

A

reproduce or relieve the symptoms of a disease without attempting to provide a cure

58
Q

What is hospice?

A

6 months or less to live comfort care only

59
Q

what is the intent of hospice care?

A

to help patients in the end stage of life, and their families, to experience the process of death with the highest quality of life and least amount of disruption

60
Q

Multiple theories have identified commonly seen patterns and emotions experienced by the dying person and their loved ones (6)

A

1) fear of dying
2) yearning
3) guilt
4) hope
5) despair
6) humor

61
Q

What are the 5 stages of coping with death?

A

1) denial
2) anger
3) bargaining
4) depression
5) acceptance

62
Q

What is the study of thanatology

A

the study of death

63
Q

What is hope?

A

an inner positive life force , a feeling that what is desired is possible

64
Q

What is the concept of comfort care?

A

focuses on identifying symptoms that cause the patient distress and adequately treating those symptoms

65
Q

What contributes to the patients sense of acceptance?

A

listening skills, observation, and use use of nonverbal communication, touch, and presence

66
Q

What are 3 common problems of the dying patient and nursing management

A

1) anticipatory guidance
2) end stage symptom management
3) pain control

67
Q

What is the three step ladder?

A

The WHO has developed a three step ladder to the adequate pain relief

1) start with non-opioid drugs
2) if pain persists or increases add opioid designed for mild or moderate pain
3) if pain persists or increases, change to an opioid designed for moderate to severe pain

68
Q

distilling of hope

A

you will be able to relieve respiratory distress

69
Q

Who is the best judge on their treatment, who knows best about their

A

the patient

70
Q

what helps in awkward situations?

A

time and experience

71
Q

who can asses for pain

A

only nurses

72
Q

morphine can do what

A

can decrease secretion and ease breathing

73
Q

What do you need to determine the necessity for increasing dosage?

A

carefully assess pain location, intensity, and response

give medication every 2-4 hours

74
Q

Is there a risk of becoming addicted to pain medication on end of life care

A

no

75
Q

medications such as _____ or ______ can decrease secretions and ease breathing.

A

scopolamine patch or moraphine

76
Q

constipation is predictable for a patient receiving

A

opiods

77
Q

How many days until you give someone something to assist to defecate

A

3 days

78
Q

(T/F)
There is some evidence to suggest that starvation and dehydration decreases the patients awareness of pain by producing chemicals that act like pain relievers

A

TRUE

79
Q

What is Cheyne Stokes respiration’s?

A

respiration’s that gradually become shallow and are followed by apnea (no breathing)

80
Q

what is closure?

A

is to say goodbye to those people and things that are important

81
Q

what is advance directive

A

(a living will )

a legal document that outlines the patients wishes

82
Q

what is a durable power of attorney

A

legal document that appoints a person chosen by patient when they become incapable of speaking

83
Q

What is Euthanasia

A

the act of ending another persons life to end suffering

84
Q

what is passive euthanasia

A

when the patient refused treatment that may prolong life

85
Q

what is assisted suicide

A

making drugs available to patient

86
Q

How do you position the body after death?

A

supine position
15-20 degrees
close eyelids

87
Q

why do you elevate the patients body postmortem?

A

prevent blood from pooling (purple skin)

88
Q

What is rigor mortis?

A

rigidity of the muscles after death

89
Q

review the postmortem steps on page

A

211

90
Q

Is it ever to late to make life style changes ?

A

No

91
Q

In 2013 living age of 65 was

A

45 million 14%

92
Q

How many centenarians were there in the 2010 senses?

A

53,364 with every 20 men there were 100 women

93
Q

Definition of death

A

Brain dead

94
Q

How much exercise can help with mental Decline?

A

30 minutes five times a week

95
Q

What should recent retirees do?

A

Stay active and set small goals

96
Q

Major contributor factors to live a longer life

A 
Hygiene 
Health care
Education 
Happy 
Nonsmoking 
Married
97
Q

What is a living will (advanced directive)

A

Is a legal document that outlines the patients wishes for health care references at the time where they can not communicate for them selves

98
Q

What are signs of dying

A 
feeling weak and tired.
sleeping more or being drowsy.
feeling hot or cold.
cold hands or feet.
eating and drinking less.
bladder or bowel problems.
breathlessness (dyspnoea)
pain.
99
Q

When do you use a corner

A

Under suspicious circumstances, deaths result from injury, accident, murder, or suicide

nursing (11 decks)

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