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Anatomy and Physiology > A&P Neuro Test > Flashcards

A&P Neuro Test Flashcards

1
Q

Neuron

A

Functional Unit of Neuro System

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2
Q

Neuroglial

A

Support Cells that are special because they can reproduce

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3
Q

Astrocysts

A

star shaped hold neurons close to small blood vessels

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4
Q

microglial phagocytes

A

eat dead neurons and tissue

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5
Q

oligodendrogcia

A

hold cells together

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6
Q

schwann cells

A

produce myelin

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7
Q

myelin

A

fatty substance that allows AP to jump down cells faster

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8
Q

ependymal cells

A

resemble epithelial cells; ciliates move csf across nerve tissues

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9
Q

Afferent

A

Sensory

carry impulses to CNS

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10
Q

Efferent

A

Motor
Carry impulses away from CNS

E = effect

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11
Q

Interneurons

A

connects sensory, motor, found in spinal chord

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12
Q

Synapse

A

functional junction between 2 neurons or a neuron and an effector cell (Muscle or gland)

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13
Q

Neuromuscular junction

A

the special synapse from a motor neuron to a muscle cell

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14
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

present in synaptic knob

have natural means of breakdown or removal from synaptic junction

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15
Q

Acetylcholine

A

stimulates skeletal muscle

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16
Q

Acetylcholine is ____ to skeletal muscles

A

excitatory

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17
Q

What breaks down Acetylcholine

A

acetycholineestarase

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18
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Keeps you “Up”

in brain emotion and behavior

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19
Q

Serotonin

A

Happy Transmitter

Sleep and Mood Regulation

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20
Q

Gaba

A

‘braking effect” helps coordinate movements

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21
Q

Encephalins/Endorphins

A

natural euphoric

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22
Q

Heart Sympathetic Response

A

Increase rate and force of contraction

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23
Q

Heart Parasympathetic

A

Decrease rate and force of contraction

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24
Q

Blood Vessels Sympathetic

A

Constriction in organs

dilation in heart/skeletal muscles

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25
Blood Vessels Parasympathetic
NONE
26
Lungs Sympathetic
Dilation of bronchials
27
Lung Parasympathetic
constriction of bronchials
28
Digestive Tract Sympathetic
Decrease movement through GI tract Contract Sphincters
29
Digestive Tract Parasympathetic
Increase movement relax sphincters
30
Urinary Bladder Sympathetic
Relaxing
31
Urinary Bladder Parasympathetic
Contraction
32
Pupil of Eye sympathetic
Dilates
33
Pupil of Eye Parasympathetic
constricts to normal size
34
Sweat glands sympathetic
Increase Secretion
35
Sweat Glands parasympathetic
None
36
Salivary glands sympathetic
Increase Secretion
37
Salivary glands parasympathetic
None
38
Layers of Menengies
Outer - Dura Matter Middle - Arachnoid Inner- Pia Mater
39
CSF
Clear Watery fluid that resembles blood plasma deriver from coroidplexus.
40
CSF FXN
removes waste products of metabolism in CNS
41
CSF Contains
water, wbc, sodium, magnesium, glucose, potassium, calcium, etc
42
CSF SHOULD NOT contain
bacteria, viruses, RBC, HIGH WBC
43
How many cranial nerve pairs
12
44
How many spinal nerve pairs
31
45
Spinal nerves are S, M, B
ALL MIXED
46
Cervical Plexus location and function
neck movement | C1-C4
47
Brachial plexus location and function
Arm movement | C5 - T1
48
Lumbar Plexus
Lower Abdomen, anterior thigh, medial thigh, lower leg, big toe L1-L4
49
Sacral plexus
Lower back, genitals, pelvis, posterior thigh, leg, dorsal and ventral foot L4-L5 and S1-4
50
Largest Nerve in the Body
Sciatic Nerve
51
Thoracic Nerves
All single T1 - T12 that run between ribs
52
Interneurons
Communicating Neurons AKA associating Neurons
53
Ganglia
bunch of nerve cell bodies outside CNS
54
Sodium Potassium pump
Requires ATP
55
CSF is found where
Ventricles, subarachnoid space, spinal chord
56
I Olfactory
Smell
57
II Optic
Vision
58
III Ocular Motor
Eye Movement
59
IV Trochlear
Eye Movement
60
V Trigeminal
Facial Sensation and Chewing
61
VI Abducens
Eye Movement
62
VII Facial
Expression and taste
63
VIII Auditory (Vestibular Cocler)
Hearing, balance
64
IX Glassopharengel
Sensory tounge, swallow
65
X Vagus
Supplies organs in thoracic and abdomen
66
XI Accessory
Muscles of back and neck
67
XII Hypoglossal
Speech and swallowing
68
Nodes of Ranvier
exposed areas on axons or dendrites that allow AP to jump its a space in the myelin
69
Medulla
Basic functions breathing and heart beat
70
Pons
above medulla fatter bridge to cerebellum how signals are sent
71
Midbrain
above the pons startle reflex visual and auditory
72
Thalamus
where all sensory signals except smell pass through. Pain, touch, temperature. Major processing area
73
Hypothalamus
below the thalamus. Temp control, energy water balance, ANS, runs life without conscious control of owner. controls digestion
74
Pituitary
hangs below the thalamus. Major functions of endocrine system.
75
Pineal Gland
anterior brain, controls biological clock. Deals with anything that is timed., produces melatonin, which controls day night cycles.
76
Cerebrum
largest part of the brain. separated into 2 halves and hemispheres. surgace area has bumps called gyri. has groves between bumps called sulci
77
frontal lobe
personality
78
parietal lobe
sensory intergration descides what to do with incoming signals
79
Occipital lobe
Center for vision and hearing
80
Temporal lobe
Brocas Area motor and speech
81
Wernickes Area
Speech understanding
82
Corpus Callosum
Connection between Right and Left sides of Brain
83
Cortex
means surface of brain. Not covering
84
grey matter
cell body highest level of thinking takes place
85
olfactory bulb
smell on both sides
86
cerebellum
looks like a cauliflower. Deals with balance and coordination.
87
Alpha Waves
awake but relaxes
88
Beta Waves
awake and alert
89
Theta Waves
common in children sometimes concentrating adults
90
Delta Waves
deep sleep, anesthesia, brain damage.
91
REM
rapid eye movement Most dreaming occurs here
92
Non Rem 1
Relaxation begins alpha
93
Non REM 2
deeper, irregular sleep
94
Non REM 3
Very deep vitals decline
95
Non REM 4
delta, sleep walking, bedwetting.

Anatomy and Physiology (7 decks)

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