A1- Cells.tissues and biological molecules

Question 1

What is the general formula for carbohydrates?

Answer 1

C(H2O)n

Question 2

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 2

A single small molecule that can be joined with others to form polymers

Question 3

What is a polymer

Answer 3

A single large molecule made from repeating units of monomers

Question 4

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 4

Polymers of monosaccharides bonded together to form a large molecule

Question 5

What is glucose and its significance?

Answer 5

The most common type of carbohydrate, a polar molecule that is soluble in water

Question 6

How many carbons does glucose have?

Answer 6

6 carbons

Question 7

What are the two structural forms of glucose?

Answer 7

Alpha (α) and Beta (β) glucose

Question 8

In alpha glucose, where is the hydroxyl (OH) group on carbon number 1 located?

Answer 8

Below the ring structure

Question 9

In beta glucose, where is the hydroxyl (OH) group on carbon number 1 located?

Answer 9

Above the ring structure

Question 10

What is the definition of a monomer

Answer 10

A single small molecule that can be joined to others to form a polymer

Question 11

What is the definition of a polymer

Answer 11

A single large molecule made from relating units of monomers

Question 12

What are polypeptide

Answer 12

Polymer of amino acids(monomer) covalent bonded together to form a chain

Question 13

Metabolism

Answer 13

Chemical reaction occurring within an organisms cell

Question 14

Glycosidic bond

Answer 14

Bond formed between two monosaccharides

Question 15

Condensation reaction

Answer 15

Bond form by loss of water

Question 16

Hydrolysis reaction

Answer 16

Bond breaking by adding water

Question 17

Saturated fatty acid

Answer 17

Fatty acid with no double bond between carbon atoms

Question 18

Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 18

Fatty acid with at least one double bond between carbon atoms

Question 19

Phospholipid

Answer 19

Lipid with hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail

Question 20

Protein

Answer 20

Polymer made from amino acids

Question 21

Primary structure

Answer 21

Sequence of amino acids with peptide bonds

Question 22

Secondary structure

Answer 22

Amino acids fold into shapes like alpha helix with hydrogen bonds

Question 23

Tertiary structure

Answer 23

Three dimensional shape with iconic and disulphide bonds

Question 24

Quaternary structure

Answer 24

2 or more polypeptides joined together

Question 25

What are the elements of lipids

Answer 25

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 26

What is the structure of DNA

Answer 26

Phosphate, deoxyribose, base

Question 27

What is DNA

Answer 27

A double helix held by hydrogen bonds

Question 28

Phosphodiester bond

Answer 28

Condensation reaction between 2 nucleotides

Question 29

Prokaryotic cell

Answer 29

No true nucleus Circular stand of dna Ribosomes are smaller 70s No membrane

Question 30

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 30

Nucleus Ribosomes are larger 80s Linear DNA( straight) No plasmids

Question 31

Nucleolus

Answer 31

Makes ribosomes

Question 32

Nuclear envelope

Answer 32

Controls what goes in and out of the nucleus

Question 33

Nucleus

Answer 33

Contains DNA

Question 34

Plasma membrane

Answer 34

Control what goes in and out of nucleus

Question 35

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 35

Contains ribosomes for protein synthesis

Question 36

Ribosomes

Answer 36

Makes proteins

Question 37

Glogi apparatus

Answer 37

Modifies, packages and transports proteins in vesicles

Question 38

Mitochondria

Answer 38

Site of respiration

Question 39

Lysosome

Answer 39

Contains enzymes and breaks down debris

Question 40

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 40

Makes lipids and carbohydrates

Question 41

What is collagen the main protein of

Answer 41

Skin, tendons, bones and ligament

Question 42

What does collagen do

Answer 42

Makes tissues stronger and help them hold their shape Keeps skin firm and stretchy

Question 43

What is type 1 collagen

Answer 43

Found in skin, bones, tendons and provides strength

Question 44

What is type 11 collagen

Answer 44

Found in tube cartilage helping cushion joints

Question 45

What is type 111 collagen

Answer 45

Support blood vessels and internal organ

Question 46

What is type 1V collagen

Answer 46

Forms part of the basement membrane supports layers of cells

Question 47

What does the Fluid mosaic model have

Answer 47

Phospholipid bilayer, Peripheral protein, cholesterol and intergal protein

Question 48

Phospholipid bilayer

Answer 48

Hydrophilic head( loves water) Hydrophobic tail ( hates water)

Question 49

What is magnification

Answer 49

How many times bigger the image is than the object

Question 50

What is resolution

Answer 50

The minimum distance that two objects are apart to appear as separate objects

Question 51

What is diffusion

Answer 51

Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration passive process doesn’t require energy

Question 52

What is osmosis

Answer 52

Movement of water molecule from a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential across a partially permeable membrane

Question 53

What is active transport

Answer 53

Movement of molecules from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration this require energy

Question 54

What is co transport

Answer 54

When two substances move into a cell together through a channel protein

Question 55

What is facilitated diffusion

Answer 55

Diffusion using a channel protein in the phospholipid bilayer for molecules that are too big

Question 56

What is exocytosis

Answer 56

Movement out of the cell using vesicles ( that fuse with the membrane)

Question 57

What is endocytosis

Answer 57

Movement into a cell via vesicles formation