A1 James I: character Flashcards
character and views on monarchy; court and favourites (94 cards)
1
Q
A
2
Q
A
3
Q
In what year was King James born?
A
1566
4
Q
Where was King James born?
A
Scotland
5
Q
What was the name and religion of King James’s mother?
A
Mary, Queen of Scots; Catholic
6
Q
What was the name of King James’s father?
A
Lord Darnley, also known as Henry Stewart
7
Q
Did King James have any siblings?
A
No
8
Q
How old was King James when he became King of Scotland?
A
13 months old
9
Q
Give an example of James’s bravery and care for Anne of Denmark.
A
He went to find her when she was unable to come to Scotland due to storms.
10
Q
What were the names of King James’s scholars?
A
George Buchanan and Peter Young
11
Q
How was King James’s education described?
A
Brutal corporal punishment but highly academic
12
Q
What religion was King James christened into?
A
Catholic
13
Q
What religion was King James raised in?
A
Presbyterian
14
Q
Who governed Scotland until James was fit to rule?
A
Regents
15
Q
Why were people keen to avoid regency in Scotland?
A
It led to conflict
16
Q
At what age was King James able to rule without regents?
A
15
17
Q
How many regents ruled Scotland during James’s minority?
A
Four
18
Q
Is it usual for a monarch to have four regents?
A
No, usually it is fewer
19
Q
What happened to the first three regents who ruled for James?
A
They were assassinated
20
Q
What four subjects especially interested King James?
A
History, theology, political theory, and classics
21
Q
What number minority rule was James since 1406?
A
Seventh
22
Q
What is a minority rule?
A
A rule by a child king
23
Q
What does the number of minority rules since 1406 suggest about Scotland?
A
That Scotland was in turmoil
24
Q
How many children did King James have who survived infancy?
A
Three
25
What were the names of King James’s surviving children?
Henry, Elizabeth, and Charles
26
How many children did James have in total?
Nine
27
How many books did King James write and what were they called?
Three; *Demonology*, *The True Law of Free Monarchies*, and *Basilikon Doron*
28
What other types of writing did King James produce?
Pamphlets, anti-smoking pamphlets, and poems
29
What did James accomplish while ruling Scotland?
He restored stability, stopped the spread of Catholicism, and asserted authority
30
What was the name of the treaty James signed to create peace between Scotland and England?
The Treaty of Berwick
31
With whom else did James negotiate peace while ruling Scotland?
Scottish lords
32
What was King James's motto?
*Rec spectificus*
33
Was King James a pacifist?
Yes
34
What did King James want for Scotland and England?
Complete union
35
What was King James afraid of?
Things blowing up
36
What did King James value?
Wisdom
37
Was King James well educated?
Highly
38
How was King James with money?
Very liberal
39
What was The Trew Law of Free Monarchies about?
The royal prerogative
40
What was Daemonology about?
King James's interest in witchcraft
41
What type of industry were most people employed in during the 1600s?
Primary industry
42
What two houses made up the Parliament?
The House of Commons and the House of Lords
43
What were the rights that Parliament had called?
Parliamentary privileges
44
What three rights did Parliament have?
The right to free speech, freedom from arrest, and free elections
45
Who were the regents for James and who were killed?
The Earl of Maray, the Earl of Lennox, and the Earl of Mar
46
What was patronage in the 1600s?
The granting of favours, pensions, and titles to maintain loyalty
47
Did Parliament like patronage?
No, they thought it led to corruption and was wasteful
48
What was the potential benefit of being in the king's good graces?
An unpaid office that provided opportunities through royal gifts, grants, power, and allowances
49
What social group was a central link between the central government and local communities?
The nobility
50
What was King James’s appearance like?
Slovenly
51
Did King James live with his wife?
No
52
Was the royal court a united group?
No, there was rivalry between courtiers over personal issues and matters of policy
53
Who did factions gather around to try and gain control or influence over the king?
Court favourites
54
Give an example of some court favourites.
Robert Carr, Miss Stewart, James Hay, and George Villiers (the Earl of Buckingham)
55
What power did favourites have?
They could appoint courtiers to positions with salaries, give pensions, and influence decisions
56
Did James balance out the factions?
No, he concentrated his favours on the Cecil and the Howard families
57
What were the two key factions at James's court?
The Howard faction and the Abbot faction
58
Who led the Howard faction?
Lord Henry Howard and Thomas Howard
59
What religion were the Howards and the Howard faction?
Crypto-Catholic
60
What did the Howard faction believe about the marriage of Prince Charles to the Spanish Infanta?
They were in favour of it
61
What was the Howard faction's view on penal laws and encounters with Parliament?
They were in favour of relaxing penal laws and against encounters with Parliament
62
Who did the Howard faction try to use to replace George Villiers as a royal favourite?
William Munson
63
Who led the Abbot faction?
Archbishop Abbot, the Earls of Pembroke, and Sir Thomas Overbury
64
What religion was the Abbot faction?
Protestant
65
What did the Abbot faction believe about the Spanish match?
They were against it
66
What did the Abbot faction believe about penal laws, financial reform, and parliamentary encounters?
They were pro-enforcing penal laws, financial reform, and pro-cooperation with Parliament
67
What did the Abbot faction believe about the Thirty Years' War?
They were pushing to support Frederick
68
Is James's court open or closed?
Open.
69
What did James's court being open mean?
The public could enter, and it allowed a variety of opinions.
70
Did James stay in one place in his life?
No.
71
Why did James travel around the country on hunting trips?
So the public could see their king, so his houses could get cleaned out, and so he could maintain his power and consolidate loyalty.
72
How did James's conspicuous consumption reflect poorly on the king?
It showcased his excessive spending and extravagance.
73
Name four favourites that James had.
James Hay, Robert Carr, George Villiers, and Esme Stewart.
74
What was the "double supper"?
A 20-course extravagant supper was laid down in front of guests, only for it to be replaced by an even more extravagant meal.
75
Was James more or less chaotic than Elizabeth's court?
More chaotic.
76
What word can be used to describe James's court that means vulgar or rude?
Ribald or coarse.
77
Was James very temperate?
No.
78
Give an example of James's lack of temperance.
Public drunkenness was common, and when James's brother-in-law Christian IV of Denmark visited in 1606, courtiers were passed out and near-naked women were vomiting in the aisles.
79
What type of court did James want?
A relaxed, informal court that was easy for subjects to see him.
80
Who did James surround himself with?
Scots.
81
Who tended to be King James's favourites?
Male
82
What happened in the Overbury scandal?
Sir Thomas Overbury helped the affair between Robert Carr and Lady Frances Howard, but was imprisoned and died in the Tower after opposing their marriage
83
Who did the Abbot faction use to replace Robert Carr?
George Villiers
84
On average, how much pay did James give to a Scottish favourite?
£40,000
85
On average, how much pay did James give to an English favourite?
£100,000
86
What was James Hay's personal motto?
Spend and God will send
87
What was the title often given to favourites?
Gentleman of the Bedchamber
88
What is believed by historians about James's sexuality?
He was bisexual or gay
89
Which faction was Robert Carr closely linked to?
Both the Howard and Abbot factions, but he was more closely linked to the Abbot faction
90
In 1603, what was the royal household's cost?
64,000 pounds.
91
By 1610, how much was the royal household costing?
114,000 pounds per year.
92
What did James spend most of his money on?
Favourites.
93
On average, in his first 10 years, how much money did James give away?
From 60,000 to 80,000 pounds.
94
In 1610, how much debt was James in?
280,000 pounds.
