A3: James: religion Flashcards
Religion and religious divisions: challenges to the Church of England from Catholics and Puritans and the development of Arminianism (109 cards)
1
Q
What is the fancy name for the Church of England?
A
The Anglican Church.
2
Q
What year was the Church of England set up?
A
1559
3
Q
What was Elizabeth’s technique in terms of religion?
A
Elizabeth was head of the Church, which was not Catholic, but she maintained old ceremonies and organized the Church under bishops, creating a middle ground.
4
Q
What religion was Edward VI?
A
Edward VI was Protestant.
5
Q
What year did the King James Bible come out?
A
1611
6
Q
What year was the Declaration of Sports issued?
A
1618
7
Q
What did the Declaration of Sports do?
A
It allowed recreation and exercise on a Sunday afternoon.
8
Q
What year did the Thirty Years’ War break out?
A
1618
9
Q
What year did Charles marry the French Catholic Henrietta Maria?
A
1624
10
Q
What was the Anglican view of faith and salvation?
A
You could reach salvation by faith alone.
11
Q
What was the Anglican view of the role of church and priesthood?
A
The church has the authority to guide people to salvation.
12
Q
What was the Anglican view of ritual and preaching?
A
There is a place for some ritual to symbolize aspects of faith, such as the Holy Communion.
13
Q
What was the Anglican view of bishops?
A
They had the authority to rule the church and represent the king.
14
Q
What was the Anglican view on Catholics?
A
Catholics threaten true faith, but many of their errors aren’t a threat to salvation.
15
Q
What was the Anglican view on obedience to authority?
A
Obedience should be given to higher authority, except on a few matters vital to salvation.
16
Q
What was James’s role in the church?
A
Supreme governor at the head of a hierarchical structure inherited from Catholicism, with bishops appointed by him. No changes could be made without his approval.
17
Q
What did James and the Privy Council want from the Hampton Court Conference?
A
He wanted to get rid of the anti-monarchist Geneva Bible, get better-educated clergy, keep his prerogative, and promote comfort.
18
Q
What did the Anglican bishops want from the Hampton Court Conference?
A
They didn’t want to lose their influence and money, and wanted to limit reform by squashing Puritan ideas.
19
Q
Did James carry out reforms as a result of the Hampton Court Conference?
A
No, he only made a new English translation of the Bible.
20
Q
How did James use the church as a political tool?
A
He had direct control of it through his appointment of bishops.
21
Q
How did James make his position on religion clear using bishops?
A
He appointed Richard Bancroft as Archbishop of Canterbury, who released his 1604 canons to reinforce church discipline.
22
Q
What was Bancroft determined to do?
A
Enforce the uniformity of the church and uphold orthodox views of the church on doctrine and liturgy.
23
Q
What was doctrine and liturgy policy and ritual?
A
Doctrine refers to the teachings or beliefs of the church, and liturgy refers to the rituals and ceremonies used in church services.
24
Q
What did Bancroft’s canons enforce on the Puritans?
A
Conformity.
25
What were included in Bancroft's canons?
Instructions on how ministers were to dress and conduct services, acceptance that the king was head of the church, and acceptance of the 1559 Elizabethan settlement and the prayer book containing nothing contrary to the word of God.
26
What else did the canons require from ministers in England?
Swearing of allegiance to King James.
27
How many ministers left the Church of England as a result of Bancroft?
100
28
How did Parliament feel as a result of Bancroft's canons and the Silenced Brethren?
They had a lot of sympathy for the Silenced Brethren.
29
Was George Abbott more or less tolerant than Bancroft?
More tolerant.
30
Why was the Hampton Court Conference a success for James?
There was no more Geneva Bible, and most welcomed the King James Bible. His control of bishops gave him control of the church. The Archbishop of Canterbury enforced conformity and Puritans were controlled. James asserted power over extremes, and the king was accepted as the church head, balancing firmness with lenient tolerance.
31
What is Arminianism?
Arminianism is a branch of Protestantism that arose as a response to Calvinism, emphasizing free will and rejecting the strict predestination of Calvinism.
32
What year did the Synod of Dort take place?
1618
33
What was the Synod of Dort?
A convention to address the Arminian controversy where James took an anti-Arminian stance.
34
What did James believe about predestination?
He believed in the concept of the saved and the damned rather than the Arminian belief in free will and choice.
35
What year did James attempt to establish a prayer book similar to that used in England in Scotland, but withdrew it after great opposition?
1621
36
What year was hostility to Arminians voiced in Parliament?
1624
37
What was the Armenian view of faith and salvation?
That it was open to all those who seek it through the true church. God offers salvation to all mankind, free to accept or reject it.
38
What was the Armenian view of the role of church and priesthood?
The church guides through priesthood with special powers and status. Their authority is symbolized by robes and ceremonies. It is a place for preaching, through prayers and rituals, and is as important.
39
What was the Armenian view of ritual and preaching?
Ritual creates reverence and brings the ignorant to God. If it's beautiful in itself, it's a form of worship. Ritual is essential to promote order and decency, and it is obsessed with order.
40
What was the Arminian view of bishops?
Bishops have a special place in authority passed down from Christ, Saint Peter in the medieval church. They receive the power to enforce rules from the king.
41
What was the Arminian view of Catholics?
Catholicism represents the early church, misled by error. It assists the church, and like those set up by Calvin and Luther, should be treated as such. There need be no Protestant identity that shuts out Catholics.
42
What was the Arminian view on obedience to authority?
Obedience to church and state should be total. If on occasion, conscience makes it necessary to disobey, the subjects should render to authority and accept punishment.
43
What was the name that some Protestants used to refer to the Pope?
The Antichrist.
44
What did Catholics see as integral to understanding and celebrating God?
Ceremony and decoration.
45
What did Catholics believe about the pope?
That he was a mortal representative for God and a direct spiritual descendant of Christ's leading apostle.
46
What did Catholics believe about priests?
They are more connected to God than the average Catholic.
47
What did Catholics believe about communion?
That the bread and wine a congregation consumes are thought to literally be converted into Christ’s body and blood.
48
What is the name of the religious change that occurred in the 16th century in England and Europe?
The Protestant Reformation.
49
What is a heretic?
The name given by the Catholic Church to anyone who challenged its teachings or denied its beliefs.
50
What were crypto-Catholics?
Catholics who practiced their religious beliefs in secret to avoid state persecution.
51
What are Roman Catholics?
English people who either reconverted to Catholicism or had never converted to Protestantism and refused to join the English Anglican Church.
52
Around what percentage of the population were Roman Catholics in James’s era?
Seven percent.
53
What religion was Queen Mary's Church?
Catholic.
54
Who did Mary marry?
The Catholic King Philip II of Spain.
55
What problems did Elizabeth have with Catholic countries such as France and Spain in terms of religion?
They funded Catholic priests, missionaries, and Jesuits to convert the English.
56
What did Elizabeth do as a punishment for not attending church instead of burning people at the stake?
She imposed fines.
57
What did James make people do as a result of the Gunpowder Plot?
He enforced the 1606 Oath of Allegiance.
58
What act did James pass in 1606 as a result of the Gunpowder Plot?
He passed the Act for the Better Discovery and Repressing of Popish Recusants.
59
What was the Catholic view of faith and salvation?
Salvation was for all, but only through the Catholic faith.
60
What was the Catholic view of the role of church and priesthood?
The Catholic Church and its rituals provide the path to God, and taking part in His salvation.
61
What was the Catholic view of ritual and preaching?
Ritual is a part of salvation; we are saved by our actions and works, such as taking part in a ritual.
62
What was the Catholic view of the role and power of bishops?
Bishops have a special authority from Christ passed down through the Pope.
63
What was the Catholic view on the attitude of Catholics?
Catholicism was the true Church.
64
What was the Catholic view on obedience to authority?
The authority of the Pope is from God, the Pope is therefore infallible, and obedience is essential.
65
What is Lutheranism?
The following of Martin Luther, the founder of the Protestant religion.
66
What was the difference in the type of relationship that Protestants sought with God compared to Catholics?
Protestants sought a more individualistic relationship with God.
67
What did Calvinism oppose?
Calvinism disliked bishops and wanted to reduce their authority or get rid of them altogether.
68
What did Luther think was wrong about the Catholic Church?
Luther believed the Church shouldn’t sell indulgences, that the Bible should be in the language of the people, that the Pope should have less authority, and that the Church should be less corrupt and taxed less.
69
What was Calvinism?
A type of Protestantism named after John Calvin that opposed bishops and aimed to reduce their authority or eliminate them.
70
What religion was Elizabeth I's church?
Protestant.
71
What year did Protestantism begin?
The start of the 1500s.
72
What were some plots against James?
The Main Plot, the Gunpowder Plot, the Bye Plot, and the Watson Plot.
73
What year was the Gunpowder Plot?
1605
74
What year was the Hampton Court Conference?
1604
75
What year was James's proclamation enforcing conformity?
1604
76
What year was Bancroft appointed Archbishop of Canterbury?
1604
77
What year did Bancroft die and who replaced him?
1610, replaced by Abbot.
78
What type of approach did Abbot have as Archbishop of Canterbury?
A more moderate and tolerant approach.
79
What was James's attitude to religion?
He took it very seriously and thought the security and peace of the nation depended on it.
80
What was the Bible at the time in the 1600s (1603) that the Millenary Petition wanted changed?
The Bishop's Bible, which was badly translated.
81
How did James respond to bishops being enraged by his agreement to the debate over the Millenary Petition?
James said that just because the church had stood for 40 years, it did not mean it did not need improvement.
82
What was the one thing that James agreed to do for the Protestants as a result of the Hampton Court Conference?
Create a new English translation of the Bible.
83
How long did it take James to publish the King James Bible?
He promised to do it in 1604. He did it in 1611, therefore it took seven years.
84
What did James promise in the Hampton Court Conference?
Various reforms, including a new English translation of the Bible.
85
What did Puritans seek to eradicate?
Any traces of Catholicism in the Anglican Church.
86
What class was Puritanism most strong in and why?
Puritanism was most strong in the middle class due to its values, which aligned with those who worked for a living and disliked luxury.
87
What was the name of the Scottish church?
The Kirk.
88
What role did Elizabeth give herself to avoid calling herself the head of the church and to please Catholics?
Supreme Governor.
89
What did Elizabethan settlement focus on to appeal to Protestants?
She made clergy swear loyalty to the Queen, called herself head in everything but name, created a set form of worship with Protestant prayer books, and made Sunday church attendance compulsory with a vague wording of communion.
90
What was the 1603 Millenary Petition?
A petition by Puritans asking for reforms to the Church of England.
91
What did Puritans believe about faith and salvation?
It was a gift from God and to those who were predestined to be saved.
92
What was the Puritan view of the role of church and priesthood?
The guide and educate following the rules found in the Bible. The minister's chief job is to prove God's words so souls find Him. Ministers can also apply discipline to support saints and punish sinners.
93
What is the Puritan view of ritual and preaching?
The key to salvation was preaching and private study, Bible reading, and prayer. Sacraments like communion were only symbolic, and they believed that ritual distracts the ignorant from true religion and creates superstition and idolatry.
94
What was the Puritan view of bishops?
Bishops have no special power. The congregation's true leader is the parish minister, but the best organization is committees of ministers, even possibly divided by bishops.
95
What was the Puritan view of Catholics?
Catholicism was evil and the devil seeking to corrupt true faith, and the Pope is the Antichrist.
96
What was the Puritan view on obedience to authority?
Obedience should be given to those in authority unless they threaten God's cause and true religion.
97
What two sects of religion did James see as a threat to religious harmony?
Puritanism and Catholicism.
98
Why did the Puritans think that they had a good chance with the Millenary Petition in 1603?
James was from Scotland, raised Presbyterian, which is stricter than Protestantism. The Kirk has no bishops. James was less prepared because he was new, so more likely to be open-minded. James needed supporters and friends being new to the country, and James liked debate and theology.
99
Give seven ceremonies that the Puritans wanted rejected in the Millenary Petition.
The signing of the cross during Baptism, confirmation, the administration of Baptism by lay people, the use of the ring in marriage, bearing at Jesus's name, the requirement of the surplus and cap, and men being given multiple ecclesiastical positions and receiving pay for each (pluralism).
100
What terms did Puritans dislike and put forward in the Millenary Petition?
Priest and absolution, because they perceived them as Roman Catholic.
101
What did the Puritans want to be more strictly observed?
The Sabbath.
102
What did the Book of Sports express?
Certain activities were permitted on the Sabbath, such as archery and dancing.
103
What oath did the Puritans ask to be better restrained in its use?
The ex-official oath, which was a religious oath whereby people were religiously bound to tell the truth to all questions.
104
Importantly, what did the Millenary Petition not request?
Getting rid of bishops.
105
What was the Puritan Bible that was passed around that had anti-monarchist sentiments in the notes section?
The Geneva translation of the Bible.
106
How did James react to the Millenary Petition?
He agreed to hold a summit to discuss their ideas.
107
What did the Puritans want from the Hampton Court Conference?
Church reformation to remove all Catholic traditions.
108
How many Puritan clergy refused to accept Bancroft's canons and were deprived of their living?
300
109
What nickname did these Puritan clergy refusing to accept Bancroft's canons get?
The Silenced Brethren.
