A4: James: parliament Flashcards
Relations and disputes with parliaments: parliamentary privileges; finance; religion; foreign affairs (131 cards)
1
Q
JP1. What three things would a monarch call Parliament for?
A
Taxes, to pass acts of Parliament, and to provide the king with support and advice.
2
Q
JP1. Did James have to call Parliament?
A
No, he could call it whenever he liked and only when necessary.
3
Q
JP1. How many times did Parliament meet during Elizabeth’s 45-year reign?
A
13 times.
4
Q
JP1. What counted as private matters of state, which MPs were not supposed to discuss?
A
James’s personal affairs, religion, or foreign policy.
5
Q
JP1. What was the name of the monarch’s power to reject a law?
A
The royal veto.
6
Q
JP1. Who could James appoint to control the topics MPs are allowed to discuss and which MPs are allowed to speak about them?
A
The Speaker of the House.
7
Q
JP1. Who mainly made up the House of Commons?
A
Gentry, but some lawyers, merchants, and government officials too.
8
Q
JP1. Who made up the House of Lords?
A
Lords, bishops, and judges.
9
Q
JP1. What four freedoms did MPs have?
A
Freedom from arrest during Parliament, freedom to discuss their own ideas for new laws, freedom to choose in disputed elections, and freedom of speech.
10
Q
JP1. In what place and who was involved in the disputed election of 1604?
A
Buckinghamshire, Goodwin v. Fortescue.
11
Q
JP1. Who did James want to win in the Buckinghamshire election and who actually won?
A
James wanted Fortescue, but Goodwin won.
12
Q
JP1. How did James react to the disputed election of Buckinghamshire?
A
He saw it as a challenge to his prerogative but compromised and called new Buckinghamshire elections, accepting that Parliament should judge disputed elections.
13
Q
JP1. What man was arrested for debt in 1604 despite being an MP and the House of Commons being in session?
A
Shirley.
14
Q
JP1. How did James react to Shirley’s case?
A
He agreed that Shirley should be released from jail.
15
Q
JP1. By what year had the Union of England and Scotland become a low-profile issue?
A
1610
16
Q
JP1. What name did James not want to take, fearing it would invalidate English law?
A
The King of Great Britain.
17
Q
JP1. How did James react to the Commons refusing to let him take the title King of Great Britain?
A
He took it by proclamation.
18
Q
JP1. What other fears did Parliament have about the concept of union?
A
Xenophobia, fears of Scotland draining England financially, complications of two different systems of law, and the status of those born before or after James’s accession.
19
Q
JP1. What year did the Commons petition to buy out the right to wardship?
A
1604
20
Q
JP1. How did James react to the Commons’ 1604 petition to buy out the right to wardship?
A
He sent a sharp reply.
21
Q
JP1. What merchant refused to pay impositions because they weren’t parliamentary approved?
A
John Bate.
22
Q
JP1. Who won the Bates case?
A
King James
23
Q
JP1. What book was published as a result of the Bates case?
A
The 1608 Book of Rates
24
Q
JP1. What document was drawn up by a minority in the Commons in 1604 or 1606, reminding James I that he did not have absolute power?
A
The Apology of the House of Commons.
25
JP1. Was the Apology of the House of Commons ever formally presented to James?
No, it was never formally presented, but it was one of the first instances of Parliament asserting their power.
26
JP1. What aspect of James's personality did Parliament particularly dislike?
His extravagance and expenditure.
27
JP1. What group did Parliament particularly sympathize with due to Bancroft's Canons?
The Silence Brethren.
28
JP1. What was the name of the proposed agreement that caused the breakup of Parliament in 1610?
The Great Contract.
29
JP1. What year was the Great Contract?
1610
30
JP1. What would James give up in the Great Contract?
Purveyance, wardship, and other feudal rights.
31
JP1. What would Parliament give in return for James giving up purveyance, wardship, and other feudal rights in the Great Contract?
A fixed sum per annum and a lump sum to pay off royal debts.
32
JP1. Why was Parliament reluctant to agree to the Great Contract?
They didn't want James to have enough money to be independent of Parliament, and they resented raising taxes to give James more money.
33
JP1. Why did James have doubts about the Great Contract?
He didn't think there'd be enough money, and the fixed rate wouldn't keep up with inflation. He also thought bargaining with the House of Commons over royal prerogative rights was beneath his dignity.
34
JP1. Was the Great Contract successful?
No.
35
JP1. What year did Parliament dissolve?
1611
36
JP1. What four economic issues did Parliament particularly dislike?
Purveyance, wardship, monopolies, and impositions.
37
JP1. What did Parliament think of monopolies?
They raised prices, reduced quality, and prevented competition between merchants.
38
JP1. What are impositions?
Extra customs duties that James could enforce due to his royal prerogative.
39
JP1. What did Parliament see impositions as?
A backdoor tax.
40
JP1. What did Parliament think of the Treaty of London?
They wanted to continue to wage war to aid their Dutch allies abroad and feared that peace would result in Catholic leniency.
41
JP1. What group did Parliament particularly sympathize with as a result of Bancroft's Canons?
The Silenced Brethren.
42
JP1. What did James appoint to look into a common legal system, free trade, and one flag for Britain?
Commissioners.
43
JP1. What year did the Madrid trip fail?
1623
44
JP1. What did the failure of the Madrid trip end the hope of?
A diplomatic solution to the Palatinate question.
45
JP1. How did the Madrid trip’s failure impact anti-Catholicism?
It sparked extremely high levels of anti-Catholicism, which became harder to separate from anti-Spanish sentiment.
46
JP1. What was the name of the Spanish ambassador who gained court influence?
Sarmiento.
47
JP1. What was the name of the war that Guy Fawkes fought in?
The Thirty Years' War.
48
JP1. Why was James obliged to take a stand in the Thirty Years' War?
His daughter and son-in-law were involved in the conflict.
49
JP1. What did James believe was the best way to help in the Thirty Years' War?
Marrying his son Charles to a Spanish princess.
50
JP1. What other things would the Spanish marriage achieve, aside from aiding James’s dynastic goals?
It would fill the royal treasury and aim to restore the Palatinate through diplomacy rather than costly war.
51
JP1. What did many members of Parliament think of the Treaty of London?
They wanted to continue to wage war to aid their Dutch allies abroad and feared that peace would result in Catholic leniency.
52
JP2. What was one way James raised money after the failure of the 1614 Parliament?
He sold nobility titles.
53
JP2. What was another way James raised money after the failure of the 1614 Parliament?
He sold cautionary towns to the Dutch.
54
JP2. What are cautionary towns?
Towns that England controls abroad.
55
JP2. What did James sacrifice by reselling cautionary towns?
Prestige.
56
JP2. What were cautionary towns in relation to foreign policy?
Towns that England controlled abroad, specifically sold to the Dutch.
57
JP2. What name is commonly given to James I's Parliament due to its failure?
The Addled Parliament.
58
JP2. How long did the Addled Parliament last?
Only a few weeks.
59
JP2. What year was the Addled Parliament?
1614
60
JP2. Why did James call the second Parliament?
He needed money.
61
JP2. Why did James need money in 1614?
He had spent a lot on Henry's funeral and Elizabeth's marriage, and he was $680,000 in debt.
62
JP2. What year did Henry die?
1612
63
JP2. What is the name of the process of getting MPs loyal to the crown elected by the monarch?
Undertakers.
64
JP2. What did Parliament claim about the undertakers in the second Parliament?
That James had used them and abused their privilege of free elections.
65
JP2. What other issues did the Addled Parliament have with James?
His continued collection of impositions, his favourites, his extravagant spending, and the Scots at court.
66
JP2. What faction was accused of paying Parliament members to be obstructive in the Second Parliament?
The Howard faction.
67
JP2. What scandal had recently happened that Parliament took issue with during the Addled Parliament?
The Overbury scandal.
68
JP2. What happened in the Overbury scandal?
Robert Carr fell in love with Lady Frances Essex, who was married to Sir Thomas Overbury. Overbury opposed their marriage, was confined to the Tower, and died under mysterious circumstances. Lady Frances and Carr then married after Overbury's death, and there were allegations that they had murdered him.
69
JP2. How did James try to quell factional issues around the time of the Second Parliament?
He acted as his own secretary of state, placed the Treasurer's commission, and appointed a neutral master of the Court of Wards.
70
JP2. How was the Essex divorce case seen by the public?
It made the court very unpopular and the favourites unpopular as well.
71
JP2. Who did the Abbot Pembroke faction introduce to James to replace Robert Carr?
George Villiers.
72
JP3. What was the 1621 document Parliament composed to outline their rights?
The Commons Protestation
73
JP3. How did James respond to the Commons Protestation?
He tore it out of the House of Commons Journal and dissolved Parliament
74
JP3. What year did Coke lead a formal criticism of James to assert parliamentary power?
1621
75
JP3. What was the name of Coke’s formal criticism of James in 1621?
The Grand Remonstrance
76
JP3. How did James respond to the Grand Remonstrance in 1621?
He ripped it out of the House of Commons Journal and dissolved Parliament
77
JP3. What did Bacon warn James about in response to being attacked and threatened with impeachment?
That the revival of impeachment was dangerous
78
JP3. What did the impeachment of Mitchell and Mompesson symbolize?
The revival of the impeachment process
79
JP3. What did the Commons demand in 1621 regarding patents and monopolies?
An inquiry and a name-and-shame list, especially targeting those at court
80
JP3. How did Parliament's actions regarding subsidies in 1621 affect James's willingness to explain foreign policy?
It discouraged him
81
JP3. What did Parliament demand in 1621 in terms of foreign policy?
An explanation of James’ policy, firm action against Spanish influence, and abandonment of the Spanish match
82
JP3. How much money had James's council recommended to fund English intervention in the Thirty Years War?
£900,000.00
83
JP3. How much money did James request from Parliament for military intervention in the Thirty Years War?
£500,000.00
84
JP3. How much money did Parliament offer for intervention in the Thirty Years War?
£160,000.00
85
JP3. What economic factor left James short of revenue during this time?
A trade slump
86
JP3. In what year had monopolies been declared illegal after Elizabethan parliamentary debate?
1603
87
JP3. How did James respond to the 1603 declaration that monopolies were illegal?
He claimed to support it but continued granting monopolies
88
JP3. Who was seen as closely linked with monopolies in 1621?
Court and royal favourites
89
JP3. Who were the two monopolists impeached by Parliament in 1621?
Mitchell and Mompesson
90
JP3. What did Mitchell and Mompesson do to earn impeachment?
Ran a protection racket and covered up malpractice in exchange for payment
91
JP3. Why did Parliament particularly dislike George Villiers in 1621?
He had great influence over James and sold peerages, baronetcies, crown lands, and monopolies
92
JP3. Who were the two main referees of patents in 1621?
Lord Chancellor Bacon and George Villiers
93
JP3. What happened to Bacon as a result of his impeachment?
He was demoted and fined
94
JP3. Who pressured James to let Bacon fall in 1621?
Edward Coke, George Villiers, and Lionel Cranfield
95
JP3. What religion was Frederick of the Palatinate?
Protestant
96
JP3. What country invited Frederick of the Palatinate to be their king instead of the new Emperor Ferdinand of Habsburg?
Bohemia
97
JP3. What did James advise Frederick to say to Bohemia when they offered him the crown?
No
98
JP3. What did Frederick say to Bohemia when offered the crown?
He accepted
99
JP3. What country supported Protestant forces in the Thirty Years War despite being Catholic?
France
100
JP3. What did Parliament demand from James in 1621 regarding religion and foreign policy?
Firm action against foreign Catholics and giving up the Spanish match
101
JP3. When did England's role in the war with Spain end?
1604
102
JP3. What treaty ended England's war with Spain?
The Treaty of London
103
JP3. Who was James's daughter married to, and what territory did he rule?
Frederick of the Palatinate
104
JP3. What Spanish ambassador was friends with James but viewed with suspicion in England?
Gondomar
105
JP3. What was the name of the Spanish princess James wanted Charles to marry?
The Infanta Isabella
106
JP3. How did Ferdinand of Habsburg react to Frederick taking the Bohemian crown?
He attacked and drove him out of Bohemia
107
JP3. In what year did Ferdinand of Habsburg seize Frederick's hereditary lands and at what battle?
1620, at the Battle of White Mountain
108
JP3. What year did the Thirty Years War begin?
1618
109
JP3. What were the two main sides in the Thirty Years War?
Protestant German princes, Dutch Republic, Scandinavia vs. Catholic Spain and the Habsburgs
110
JP3. What year did James call Parliament back to deal with the Thirty Years War?
1621
111
JP3. What kind of war did Parliament want England to fight in the Thirty Years War?
A naval war
112
JP3. Why did Parliament prefer a naval war over a land war?
Echoes of Elizabethan glory, potential Spanish treasure, lower cost, and naval superiority
113
JP3. What did James believe Parliament’s naval preference infringed upon?
His royal prerogative
114
JP3. How were subsidies and foreign policy linked in 1621?
A small subsidy was granted, but a larger one was conditional on James breaking relations with Spain
115
JP3. How did Parliament’s limitation on subsidies affect James’s foreign policy?
It made him believe more strongly in the Spanish match to help his daughter regain the Palatinate
116
JP3. Who was gaining more control of state affairs by the end of 1621?
Charles and Buckingham
117
JP4. Why was Buckingham and Charles effectively in charge during James's fourth Parliament?
James was too sick to be actively involved but could still protest
118
JP4. What topic did Charles and Buckingham allow Parliament to discuss in the fourth Parliament, which James thought was a bad idea?
Foreign policy
119
JP4. What power did Charles and Buckingham say Parliament could have regarding the war during the fourth Parliament?
The power to appoint war commissioners and influence how the war was fought
120
JP4. As a result of the failure of the third Parliament, what financial strategy did James fall back on?
The Spanish match
121
JP4. What year was the fourth Parliament called, and how long did it last?
It was called in 1624 and lasted into 1625
122
JP4. How much money did James say he needed to pay off his debts before fighting Spain?
£1,000,000.00
123
JP4. How much money did the Commons vote in subsidies for war in James's fourth Parliament?
£300,000.00
124
JP4. What act passed in 1624 made monopolies illegal?
The Statute of Monopolies
125
JP4. What type of monopolies were made illegal by the Statute of Monopolies?
Monopolies not related to new inventions
126
JP4. How did Charles later exploit the wording of the Statute of Monopolies?
He avoided the restriction by granting monopolies to groups instead of individuals
127
JP4. What act in the fourth Parliament gave Charles and Buckingham money for war on the condition of a naval campaign?
The Subsidy Act of 1624
128
JP4. Name James’s four regents.
Lennox, Mar, Morton, and Moray
129
JP4. What strategy did Parliament want to use to recover the Palatinate during the fourth Parliament?
By capturing Spanish treasure fleets from South America to stop Spain from funding its army
130
JP4. Which royal advisor was impeached during the fourth Parliament?
Lionel Cranfield
131
JP4. Why had Lionel Cranfield become an enemy of Buckingham?
He tried to install his nephew as a favourite and supported peace while Buckingham was anti-peace
