A1 Physical Development

Question 1

What is the order of the development of gross motor in infancy+ages?

Answer 1

• control of head (3mo)
• sit up (6mo)
• crawl (9mo)
• stand (12-13mo)
• cruise (12-13mo)
• walk (12-13mo)

Question 2

What is the order of the development of fine motor in infancy+ages?

Answer 2

• open hands to grasp finger (1mo)
• briefly grasp a rattle (3mo)
• turn a page (2yr)

Question 3

What are the 3 differences between fine and gross motor skills?

Answer 3

• gross motor skills develop first
• fine motor skills require practice because they are more refined
• fine motor skills are more complex

Question 4

What is the order of the development of gross motor in early childhood+ages?

Answer 4

• ride a tricycle (3yr)
• ride a bicycle (6yr)
• play sports (8yr)

Question 5

What is the order of the development of fine motor in early childhood+ages?

Answer 5

• copy letters (3yr)
• dress and undress on own (5yr)
• draw detailed pictures (8yr)

Question 6

What is puberty?

Answer 6

When a child’s body begins to change and develop as they become an adult

Question 7

What are primary sexual characteristics?

Answer 7

• present at birth
• essential for reproduction

Question 8

What are secondary sexual characteristics?

Answer 8

• develop during puberty due to hormones
  -not essential for reproduction

Question 9

What are 3 female primary characteristics?

Answer 9

• womb enlarges
• vagina lengthens
• ovaries produce eggs

Question 10

What are 3 female secondary characteristics?

Answer 10

• breasts enlarge
• pubic hair growth
• hips widen

Question 11

What are 3 male primary characteristics?

Answer 11

• enlargement of penis
• testicles produce sperm
• enlargement of testicles

Question 12

What are 3 male secondary characteristics?

Answer 12

• facial hair
• growth spurt
• pubic hair

Question 13

What are the 2 female hormones?

Answer 13

• oestrogen
• progesterone

Question 14

What does oestrogen do?

Answer 14

• matures eggs in the ovaries
• maintains uterus lining
• stimulates breast growth
• regulates the menstrual cycle

Question 15

What does progesterone do?

Answer 15

• maintains uterus lining
• prepares the body for pregnancy and birth (strengthens muscles)

Question 16

What is the male hormone?

Answer 16

testosterone

Question 17

What does testosterone do?

Answer 17

• stimulates sperm production
• develops secondary sexual characteristics

Question 18

What happens to physical development in early adulthood?

Answer 18

• physical strength is at its peak
• sexual characteristics are fully developed
• full height is reached
  -women are the most fertile and can lactate

Question 19

What are the roles of hormones in pregnancy?

Answer 19

• progesterone maintains the pregnancy
• oestrogen can be responsible for sickness
• can affect the shape of breasts and areolas darken and become more sensitive to prepare for lactation

Question 20

What is perimenopause?

Answer 20

The period of hormonal change leading up to menopause

Question 21

What happens during the perimenopause transition?

Answer 21

• ovaries produce less oestrogen meaning less eggs are produced

Question 22

When does perimenopause end?

Answer 22

When a woman hasn’t had her monthly period for 12 months

Question 23

What are symptoms of perimenopause?

Answer 23

• Hot flushes — disrupted sleep and fatigue
• Vaginal dryness — loss of libido
• Mood swings — due to hormone fluctuations causing irritability
• Progesterone decreases — heavy or irregular periods

Question 24

What is ‘middle age spread’?

Answer 24

The change of hormones slowing down the metabolism causing excess weight to accumulate around the abdomen

Question 25

How are the muscles impacted in middle adulthood?

Answer 25

- changing hormones decrease muscle tone and strength -the body doesn’t produce the same number of proteins the muscles require to grow

Question 26

How is skin elasticity impacted in middle adulthood?

Answer 26

- there is a reduction and skin gets thinner and drier - this leads to creases and lines

Question 27

How are the gums impacted in middle adulthood?

Answer 27

- the gum like recedes causing sensitivity and infections

Question 28

What is menopause?

Answer 28

When a woman stops having periods and can no longer conceive naturally

Question 29

What does menopause involve?

Answer 29

- the ending of menstruation - a reduction in hormones causing sex organs to shrink and low libido -associated problems such as osteoporosis

Question 30

What does the reduction of oestrogen in menopause cause?

Answer 30

- ovaries stop producing eggs - impacted hypothalamus meaning temperature isn’t regulated causing hot flushes - impacted health of nails and skin - mood swings

Question 31

What does the reduction of progesterone in menopause cause?

Answer 31

- stops menstruation - impacted libido

Question 32

How does low oestrogen affect the bones?

Answer 32

- it can lower bone density causing porous bones and osteoporosis

Question 33

What are the effects of aging in later adulthood?

Answer 33

- reduction in vision — deterioration of retina - reduction in hearing — hair cells in ear die - high susceptibility to disease — weakened immune system - more likely to fall — balance and reaction time deteriorates

Question 34

How do physical changes cause intellectual deterioration?

Answer 34

- loss of nerve cells means reduction in the ability of the nerves being able to transmit electrical signals and memory or decision making may be impacted