B3 Environmental and Social Factors

Question 1

What are different types of pollution?

Answer 1

• air
• light
• noise
• water
• household (cleaning products)

Question 2

What causes pollution?

Answer 2

• environment may contain chemicals from vehicle exhausts and industrial emmisions
• household pollutants such as mould and cleaning products emit poisonous gases

Question 3

What can pollution cause?

Answer 3

• triggers asthma and other diseases such as COPD
• can cause pneumonia
• can weaken immune system
• can trigger allergies
• can affect sleep causing stress and anxiety

Question 4

How can pollutants cause cardiovascular problems?

Answer 4

• exposure to chemicals in the air can increase the risk of thrombosis and raised blood pressure
• pregnant women inhaling can cause abby to have cardiovascular disease later

Question 5

How can mould impact an individual?

Answer 5

• respiratory and cardiovascular problems due to bacteria spread
• people with immune suppression are more susceptible to fungal infections
• difficulty breathing

Question 6

How can lack of heating impact an individual?

Answer 6

• can cause hypothermia

Question 7

How can overcrowding impact an individual?

Answer 7

-anxiety and depression
- limit access to washing and cooking
- infection is more likely to spread
- issues with lack of access to outdoor exercise

Question 8

How can unsanitary conditions impact an individual?

Answer 8

spread of infection

Question 9

How can the inability to repair construction issues impact an individual?

Answer 9

physical injuries can occur

Question 10

How can poor quality housing cause cardiovascular problems?

Answer 10

• can lead to stress and impact blood pressure
• may be associated with poor lifestyle such as ready meals and smoking
• lack of green spaces meaning not a lot of physical activity

Question 11

How can poor quality housing cause hypothermia?

Answer 11

• low income families are unable to heat homes
• older people who live in homes with lack of insulation and poor heating

Question 12

How can poor quality housing cause anxiety/depression?

Answer 12

• may cause stress and depression and other mental issues
• rising bills can lead to lack of sleep
• children living in overcrowded houses experience mental health issues

Question 13

How can transport be a barrier to accessing health services?

Answer 13

• may not have access to a car
• may live in remote areas where there is no public transport

Question 14

How can opening hours be a barrier to accessing health services?

Answer 14

• appointments during working hours may be inconvenient

Question 15

How can service availability be a barrier to accessing health services?

Answer 15

• specialist services may not always be available in certain geographical areas
• pressures on services may mean long waiting list or time

Question 16

How can individual circumstances be a barrier to accessing health services?

Answer 16

• mobility (wheelchair)
• individuals with learning needs may find it difficult understanding how to book an app
• sensory difficulties (blind/deaf)
• may not be able to afford childcare

Question 17

What are 3 social factors that can affect an individual?

Answer 17

• family dysfunction
• bullying
• cultural/religion/beliefs

Question 18

What is family dysfunction?

Answer 18

• where a family is not providing the benefits that one should receive from a family (support)

Question 19

What are the benefits of a functional family?

Answer 19

• support each other
• form emotional relationships
• provides a setting that meets basic needs
• provides first experiences of social interaction

Question 20

Why can a family become dysfunctional?

Answer 20

• family members may be stressed
• adults may have poor parenting skills
• parenting may be inconsistent

Question 21

What impact does divorce have on development for children?

Answer 21

• children can experience emotional problems that affect their self esteem and self confidence (depression)
• may lack resilience and rely on peers which could lead to drinking or drugs
• more likely to experience underachievement in education

Question 22

What are the 4 parenting styles?

Answer 22

• authoritative
• authoritarian
• permissive
• uninvolved

Question 23

What is the authoritative parenting style?

Answer 23

• parents aren’t overly strict
• children brought up to respect authority and develop appropriate values
• children are more resilient and conform easily to social norms
• higher academic performance and less mental health

Question 24

What is the authoritarian parenting style?

Answer 24

• parents have high expectations often overwhelming their children with strict rules
• children are often rebellious and may become problematic at home and in social settings
  -lower academic performance and high mental illness

Question 25

What is the permissive parenting style?

Answer 25

- parents make few demands and try not to make rules and upset the children - children lack self-control as they have no boundaries and may experience problems in managing relationships

Question 26

What is the uninvolved parenting style?

Answer 26

- parents are not involved in their child’s life - make few demands and lack responsiveness - child usually are impulsive, take part in delinquency - more likely to abuse drugs and alcohol and suicide

Question 27

What is sibling rivalry?

Answer 27

A sense of competition between siblings

Question 28

What are the effects of bullying?

Answer 28

- undermine self-esteem leading to stress anxiety and depression - may feel isolated - self harm - suicide

Question 29

How can religion/culture affect medical intervention?

Answer 29

- some religions believe that certain medical procedures are not allowed (JW and blood trans) - some cultures/religions only seek help from same sex doctors

Question 30

How can religion/culture affect diet?

Answer 30

- some are not allowed to eat certain foods and others are only allowed to eat it if it’s prepared in a certain way - jewish people don’t eat pork or shellfish - hindu/sikh are vegetarian - muslims don’t eat pork or non halal meats and don’t consume alcohol and have periods of fasting

Question 31

How does vegetarianism impact development?

Answer 31

- usually have lower risk of high cholesterol, heart disease and high no - iron, calcium and vitamin b12 deficiency due to no meat and fish may affect production of red blood cells and muscle function

Question 32

What are the positive effects of culture and beliefs on development?

Answer 32

- allow them to socialise with like minded people - feel accepted and understood - leads to a more tolerant and diverse society

Question 33

What are the negative effects of culture and beliefs on development?

Answer 33

- may face discrimination - may feel excluded at times - may not feel valued because their culture is not understood