A220 - 21 Air-conditioning, Bleed Air and Pressurization Flashcards
(146 cards)
1
Q
What does ECS stand for?
A
Environmental Control System.
2
Q
What does IASC stand for?
A
Integrated Air System Controller.
3
Q
What does APU stand for?
A
Auxiliary Power Unit.
4
Q
What does PRSOV stand for?
A
Pressure Regulating Shutoff Valve.
5
Q
What does BALODS stand for?
A
Bleed Air Leak and Overheat Detection System.
6
Q
What does BTS stand for?
A
Bleed Temperature Sensor.
7
Q
What does IPCV stand for?
A
Intermediate Pressure Check Valve.
8
Q
What does HPV stand for?
A
High Pressure Valve.
9
Q
What does FAV stand for?
A
Fan Air Valve.
10
Q
What does HPGC stand for?
A
High Pressure Ground Connection.
11
Q
What does EICAS stand for?
A
Engine Indicating and Crew Alerting System.
12
Q
What does PACK stand for in this context?
A
Pneumatic Air Conditioning Kit (colloquial, formally refers to air-cycle machine unit in ECS).
13
Q
What does QRH stand for?
A
Quick Reference Handbook.
14
Q
What does MEL stand for?
A
Minimum Equipment List.
15
Q
What does SOC stand for?
A
System Operations Control.
16
Q
What does FADEC stand for?
A
Full Authority Digital Engine Control.
17
Q
What does MCDU stand for?
A
Multipurpose Control Display Unit.
18
Q
What does MFD stand for?
A
Multi-Function Display.
19
Q
What does AOM stand for?
A
Aircraft Operating Manual.
20
Q
What does RVSM stand for?
A
Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum.
21
Q
What does RAM AIR mean in ECS?
A
Ram Air is an emergency outside air source that can ventilate the cabin in the event of both pack failure.
22
Q
What does “AUTO” mean on the PRESSURIZATION panel?
A
Automatic mode, where the IASC controls outflow valves based on system inputs and flight profile.
23
Q
What does “MAN” mode mean on PRESSURIZATION panel?
A
Manual mode, where the crew directly controls outflow valves using panel switches.
24
Q
What does “BATT” mean on ECS schematics?
A
Battery power only; affects which ECS functions/indications are available.
25
What is a “Mix Manifold”?
A duct in the ECS that combines conditioned pack air with recirculated cabin air before delivery to the cabin.
26
What does “Cross-Bleed” mean?
The ability to connect left and right bleed air manifolds for redundancy or engine start.
27
What is the “Cabin Altitude”?
The equivalent altitude of the pressure inside the aircraft cabin, as controlled by the ECS.
28
What does “Differential Pressure” (DIFF PRESS) mean?
The difference between inside cabin pressure and outside ambient pressure.
29
What is a “Relief Valve” in pressurization?
A valve that automatically vents air to prevent excessive cabin pressure differential.
30
What is the “Outflow Valve”?
A valve controlled by the ECS or crew to regulate how much air is released from the pressurized cabin.
31
What does “APU BLEED” refer to?
Bleed air supplied from the Auxiliary Power Unit for ECS, engine start, or anti-ice.
32
What is a “Pack Valve”?
The valve that controls bleed air flow into an air cycle machine (pack) for cooling.
33
What does “Ambient Air” mean in ECS context?
Outside air at current flight level or ground elevation, as used for cooling or pressurization in emergencies.
34
What does “Overheat” mean in ECS?
Excessive temperature detected in bleed duct, pack, or related ECS components, triggering warnings and shutdowns.
35
What is the “Precooler” in the bleed air system?
A heat exchanger that uses fan air to reduce bleed air temperature before it enters the packs or anti-ice ducts.
36
What does “Single Pack Operation” mean?
Only one air conditioning pack is supplying conditioned air, usually due to failure or MEL restriction.
37
What does “Avionics Cooling” mean in the ECS?
The subsystem of ECS that directs cooled air to sensitive electronic components and avionics bays.
38
What does “Bypass Mode” mean for a pack?
Condition where airflow bypasses a failed stage in the pack to allow partial cooling/ventilation.
39
What is “Fail-Safe Position” for ECS valves?
The default (usually closed) position that ECS valves move to in case of total system failure or power loss.
40
What is the “AIR Synoptic Page”?
A graphical page on the EICAS/MFD showing ECS valve status, temperatures, pressures, and fault indications.
41
What is the Integrated Air Management System (IAMS) on the A220?
A system that integrates bleed air, air conditioning, avionics cooling, and pressurization systems under the control of Integrated Air System Controllers (IASCs).
42
Which systems are managed by the IAMS?
Bleed air, BALODS, air conditioning, avionics cooling, and pressurization.
43
What is BALODS?
Bleed Air Leak and Overheat Detection System, monitors and detects leaks/overheats in bleed air ducts.
44
What is the function of the AIR panel?
Controls and monitors bleed air and air conditioning systems.
45
What is the function of the EQUIP COOLING panel?
Controls and monitors the avionics cooling fans and air routing.
46
What is the role of the ECS backup controller?
Assumes control if primary controller fails, maintaining basic ECS function.
47
What does the acronym ECS stand for?
Environmental Control System.
48
How does ECS detect pack overheat?
Monitors pack outlet temperature via sensors; triggers shut down if limits exceeded.
49
What is 'high flow' pack operation used for?
High cabin occupancy or high cooling demand (e.g., ground operations in hot weather).
50
What is the function of recirculation fans?
Mixes cabin air with conditioned air to improve efficiency and temperature control.
51
What happens if both recirculation fans fail?
Slightly increased bleed air consumption and reduced ECS efficiency.
52
What happens if only one pack is operational?
ECS can still provide conditioned air but with reduced redundancy and capacity.
53
What does the cabin altitude selector do in manual mode?
Allows direct adjustment of outflow valve for pressurization.
54
What are the indications of a BLEED DUCT LEAK?
EICAS caution, isolation of affected duct, and possible pack shutdown.
55
What are the signs of ECS pack compressor stall?
Loud noise, loss of cooling, and possible pack fault indication.
56
What is the normal cabin rate of climb/descent?
Approximately 500–600 feet per minute for passenger comfort.
57
What is meant by 'cabin pressure differential'?
The pressure difference between the cabin and ambient (outside) air.
58
What action is required for PACK FAULT in flight?
Refer to QRH; may require pack shutdown or flight level change.
59
What is a typical cause of PRSOV failure?
Electrical fault, actuator malfunction, or bleed leak detection.
60
What is the function of the IASC's cross-channel communication?
Ensures redundancy and allows one IASC to control all systems if the other fails.
61
What triggers an outflow valve position disagree alert?
Controller command does not match valve position, indicating a fault.
62
What is a primary function of the EICAS air synoptic page?
Displays real-time status of all air system components and parameters.
63
What is the function of pack bypass valves?
Modulate air temperature by mixing hot bypass air with cooled air from ACM.
64
What is the risk of excessive cabin pressure?
Structural damage to the airframe or injury to occupants.
65
What is 'negative pressure relief' in pressurization?
Prevents external pressure from exceeding internal pressure (suction).
66
What does a CABIN ALTITUDE EXCEEDANCE warning require?
Emergency descent and use of supplemental oxygen.
67
How does ECS respond to smoke in the air conditioning bay?
Affected pack(s) may shut down automatically; smoke procedures apply.
68
What is the role of the automatic shutdown feature in bleed air leak detection?
Protects from fire or damage by isolating source of leak.
69
What is the operational effect of a failed BTS?
May result in pack or bleed source shutdown to prevent overtemperature.
70
What is the significance of a stuck open outflow valve?
Cabin cannot be pressurized; emergency descent is required.
71
What is an air cycle machine (ACM)?
Component in the pack that cools bleed air using expansion and compression cycles.
72
What is the indication of PACK OFF during flight?
Reduced air supply; consider single pack operation procedures.
73
How does the pressurization system prevent overboard air loss?
Controlled outflow valve operation and monitoring by controllers.
74
What does a BLEED VALVE DISAGREE alert mean?
Commanded valve position does not match actual, suggesting failure or blockage.
75
What is a typical cabin altitude limit for mask deployment?
Approximately 14,000 feet.
76
What action is required for ECS SMOKE EICAS message?
Initiate smoke removal procedures; use ram air if packs are off and altitude permits.
77
What is the design purpose of the EGPWS and pressurization system interface?
Alerts for cabin altitude warnings, prompting crew action.
78
What does 'automatic switch-over' mean in ECS control?
Automatic transfer of control to backup system upon failure detection.
79
What is the operational limitation if both packs fail above 25,000 feet?
Aircraft must descend below 14,000 feet for supplemental oxygen and below 10,000 feet for unpressurized flight.
80
How does a zone temperature controller failure affect cabin comfort?
Cabin may default to fixed temperature settings, reducing passenger comfort.
81
What is the impact of a cross-bleed duct leak during engine start?
Inability to perform cross-bleed starts or supply both sides from one source.
82
What is the function of the safety outflow valve?
Opens automatically to relieve excess cabin pressure in emergency.
83
What system supplies air to the water system pressurization?
Bleed air, via a pressure regulator to potable water tank.
84
What is the maximum allowable cabin pressure differential?
8.4 PSI.
85
What happens if the APU bleed valve fails open?
Unregulated APU bleed air may supply the manifold; may require manual shutdown of APU.
86
What is the effect of a failed pack temperature sensor?
The pack may be automatically shut down to prevent unsafe operation.
87
What is meant by 'overboard valve locked closed'?
Valve cannot vent excess air, risking over-pressurization.
88
What are the safety implications of unpressurized flight at high altitude?
Hypoxia risk, cold exposure, rapid decompression hazards.
89
What does the abbreviation PRSOV stand for?
Pressure Regulating Shutoff Valve.
90
What does the abbreviation HPV stand for?
High Pressure Valve.
91
What does the abbreviation IPCV stand for?
Intermediate Pressure Check Valve.
92
What does the abbreviation FAV stand for?
Fan Air Valve.
93
What does the abbreviation BTS stand for?
Bleed Temperature Sensor.
94
What does the abbreviation IASC stand for?
Integrated Air System Controller.
95
What does the abbreviation BALODS stand for?
Bleed Air Leak and Overheat Detection System.
96
What is a 'bleed air source priority'?
APU is prioritized on the ground, engines in flight; external air is used when connected.
97
What is the function of the pack controller's fault logic?
Shuts down pack on detected faults to prevent further damage or unsafe conditions.
98
What is the primary crew alert for cabin altitude issues?
CABIN ALT message and warning horn.
99
What is 'pack cooling augmentation'?
Use of additional ram air or increased pack flow in high cooling demand situations.
100
What are typical causes of ECS pack shutdown?
Overheat, overpressure, smoke detection, loss of bleed air source.
101
What is the purpose of the ECS 'bypass mode'?
To allow hot bleed air to bypass cooling for rapid cabin warming.
102
How does bleed air contamination risk arise?
From oil leaks in engine compressors or APU, leading to odor/smoke events.
103
What is the function of the air distribution system?
Delivers conditioned air to cabin, cockpit, and equipment bays.
104
What is the indication of a BLEED SOURCE LOSS?
Loss of all engine/APU/external bleed air; packs inoperative, no pressurization.
105
How is ECS operation checked pre-flight?
Via system synoptic, control panels, and expected EICAS messages.
106
What is the purpose of the PRESSURIZATION AUTO/MANUAL selector?
Allows transfer between automatic and manual pressurization control.
107
What system handles avionics bay cooling on the ground with engines/APU off?
Dedicated cooling fans and ram air.
108
What is the normal ECS mode during takeoff and landing?
Automatic, packs on unless required off for performance/contamination reasons.
109
What does a PACK SHUTOFF VALVE failure cause?
Inability to control pack air flow; pack may default to closed.
110
What is the function of ECS 'trim air'?
Adjusts temperature in individual cabin zones by adding hot air.
111
What is the implication of ECS air recirculation in smoke/fumes situations?
Recirc fans are switched off to minimize spread of contaminants.
112
What is a normal response to a DUCT PRESS LO EICAS message?
Indicates low bleed air pressure; check sources and pack operation.
113
What is the function of the PRESSURIZATION DUMP button?
Rapidly opens outflow valve for emergency depressurization.
114
What is the normal pressurization controller schedule during descent?
Gradually reduces cabin altitude to prevent passenger discomfort.
115
What could cause a BLEED PRESSURE HIGH indication?
PRSOV malfunction or overpressure from engine/APU bleed source.
116
What are pack anti-ice functions?
Some systems pre-heat pack inlet air to prevent ice accumulation in the ACM.
117
What is the function of the cabin pressure relief valve?
Mechanical backup to prevent overpressure if outflow valve fails.
118
What happens during an 'auto fail' of pressurization?
System transfers to manual mode; crew must control outflow valve.
119
What is the function of the ECS system's 'ground mode'?
Maximizes cooling/ventilation during ground ops with external air/APU.
120
What is the significance of 'zone control authority'?
Each controller can independently manage its assigned zone; failure isolates only that zone.
121
What is the function of ECS pre-coolers?
Reduces temperature of engine/APU bleed air before entering packs.
122
How does the ECS handle 'smoke removal'?
Shuts down packs, opens ram air, turns off recirc fans if below 10,000 feet.
123
What is the function of the EICAS 'AIR' synoptic page?
Provides overview of system status, faults, and valve positions.
124
What does 'EQUIP COOLING OVRD' mean?
Equipment cooling has switched to override mode due to fan or temp sensor fault.
125
What is the operational risk of a faulty cross-bleed valve?
Inability to supply both manifolds from one source; affects redundancy.
126
What is the indication of a failed pack temperature sensor?
EICAS caution and possible pack shutdown.
127
What happens if both zone controllers fail?
ECS defaults to backup fixed temperature mode for cabin air.
128
What is the function of the air conditioning 'packs'?
Cool and dehumidify bleed air for cabin/flight deck use.
129
What is the main backup for ECS function loss?
Ram air ventilation at low altitude; cannot maintain pressurization at cruise.
130
What is the crew response to ECS abnormal operation?
Follow QRH; may involve isolation, shutdown, or descent.
131
What is meant by 'isolation valve'?
Valve that separates left and right bleed air manifolds for redundancy/fault isolation.
132
What is the effect of a cabin altitude rate too high?
Passenger discomfort, ear pain, risk of injury.
133
What is the ECS power supply?
Powered by aircraft electrical system, with essential components on backup buses.
134
What is the significance of a failed PRSOV in the closed position?
Loss of bleed air from that engine; must use other sources if available.
135
How does ECS manage high humidity?
Water separators in packs remove moisture before air enters cabin.
136
What is the function of the external air symbol on the AIR synoptic?
Indicates external air source is supplying the pneumatic system.
137
What would cause 'PACK OVERBOARD VLV FAIL' message?
Overboard valve failure, may restrict ability to vent air or control cabin temp.
138
What is the function of ECS recirculation fans in normal operation?
Reduce bleed air demand and improve energy efficiency.
139
What is the effect of a failed ECS pack temperature control valve?
Fixed temperature or pack shutdown, depending on logic and redundancy.
140
What does 'SMOKE/TOXIC FUMES REMOVAL' procedure involve?
Turning off packs, recirc fans, and using ram air below 10,000 feet.
141
What is the action for CABIN ALTITUDE WARNING HORN?
Immediate descent and supplemental oxygen use.
142
What is the main indication of ECS pack compressor overheat?
PACK OVHT message, pack automatically shuts down.
143
What is the ECS's main role in cruise?
Maintain comfortable cabin pressure and temperature with efficient air flow.
144
What is the function of ECS isolation logic during faults?
Automatically isolates failed or leaking ducts/manifolds to prevent total system loss.
145
What is the role of the air/ground sensing logic for ECS?
Adjusts pack and bleed operation for optimized ground/flight performance.
146
What happens if all bleed sources are lost at altitude?
Rapid loss of pressurization, emergency descent to below 10,000 feet is required.
