A28 - Mammary gland, blood supply and innervation Flashcards Preview

Anatomy 3 final (practical and oral part) > A28 - Mammary gland, blood supply and innervation > Flashcards

Flashcards in A28 - Mammary gland, blood supply and innervation Deck (9)
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1
Q

Give the usual number of mammae in:

  1. Ca
  2. Fe
  3. Sus
  4. Cow
  5. Eq

(also give the number in different locations)

A
  1. Ca: 10 (8-12 complexes, 5-20 units per complex that have separate ostium papillae on tip of teat)
  2. Fe: 8
  3. Sus: 14 (14 complexes)
  4. Cow: 4 (4 complex, single unit in each)
  5. Eq: 2 (2 complex, 2 units per complex)
2
Q

What does the mammary comlex consist of?

A
  • Corpus mammae
    • Consisting of skin, glandular tissue, and connective tissue
    • Attached at its base to the ventral surface of the trunk and, and continued apically by papilla mammae
  • Papilla (teat)
    • Projection of the ventral surface of each mamma through which milk is withdrawn
    • Car, sus: nipple
    • Ru, eq: teat
3
Q

What is the mammary gland covered by?

A

External fascia

4
Q

Suspension of the mammary gland

A
  • Suspensory apparatus:
    • Superficialanddeeplayer ofexternal fascia of the trunk
    • Lateral laminae (dense connective tissue) & medial laminae (elastic)
      • Lamella suspensoriae extends between the mammillary complexes
    • Sulcus intermammarius: separates complex row (adjacent mammae)

There are seven different tissues that provide support for the udder (ru):

  1. Skin
    • Covering the gland
    • Most superficial
  2. Superficial fascia
    • Attaches skin to underlying the tissue
  3. Coarse areolar
    • Forms loose bond between the dorsal surface of the front quarters and the abdominal wall
  4. Subpelvic tendon
    • Not actually part of the suspensory apparatus, but gives rise to the superficial and deep lateral suspensory ligaments
    • Attached tot he pelvic bone at several points
  5. Lateral suspensory ligament
    • Composed of fibrous (and elastic) tissue
    • Arising from subpelvic tendon
    • Attaches to areolar tissue
  6. Deep lateral suspensory ligament (lamellae)
    • Arises from subpelvic tendon
    • Extends bown over the udder and almost enveloping it
  7. Median suspensory ligament
    • Most important part of the suspensory system in cows
    • Composes of 2 adjacent heavy yellow elastic sheets that arise from the abdominal wall → medial flat surface of the two udder halves
    • Able to stretch somewhat as the gland fills with milk to allow for the increased weight of the gland
5
Q

Draw the mammary gland

A
6
Q

Blood supply

Arteries

A

​Abdominal & inguinal complex:

  • Tr. pudendoepigastricus → a. pudenda externa → a. epigastrica caudalis superficialis → a. mammaria caudalis

Thoracic complex:

  • A. subclavia → a. thoracica interna → a. epigastrica cranialis → a. mammaria cranialis
  • Ca: additional blood supply from a. thoracica lateralis
  • Sus: additional blood supply from a. thoracica lateralis
  • Eq:
    • Main artery is a. pudenda externa → a. mammillaris cranialis + caudalis (anastamoses with a. epigastrica cranialis
    • A. pudenda interna gives branches to udder caudally
7
Q

Blood supply

Veins

A
  • V. pudenda interna + v. subcutaneous abdominalis → v. epigastrica cranialis → v. thoracica interna → v. cava caudalis
  • V. subcutaneous abdominalis:
    • “Milk vein”
    • Large in good milkers
8
Q

Innervation

A
  • Types:
    • Sensory
    • Sympathetic
    • Parasympathetic
  • Additional neurohormonal reflex arch
    • Suckling stimulates hormones that trigger milk production
  • Thoracic complexes:
    • Nn. intercostales
  • Abdominal and inguinal complexes:
    • N. iliohypogastricus
    • N. ilioinguinalis
    • N. genitofemoralis
  • Inguinal:
    • N. pudenda
9
Q

Draw the blood supply, innervation and lymphatic system

A

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