Practical topic 35

Question 1

Give the parts of the small intestines

Answer 1

1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum

Question 2

Duodenum

From → to

Answer 2

Pylorus → jejunum

Question 3

Give the parts of the duodenum

Answer 3

• Flexura duodeni cranialis
• Duodenum descendens
  
  • In contact with parietal peritoneum
  • Runs caudally towards the right kidney
• Flexura duodeni caudalis
• Duodenum transversa
• Duodenum ascendens
  
  • Runs cranially
  • Plica duodenocolica (ascending duodenum → descending duodenum)
• Flexura duodenojejunalis
  
  • Susupended by the mesoduodenum
    
    • Originates from the dorsal abdominal wall
    • Encloses right lobe of pancreas

Question 4

Pappilas of the dudoenum

Answer 4

• Papilla duodeni major
  
  • ​Bile duct and pancreatic duct
• Papilla duodeni minor
  
  • ​Accessory pancreatic duct

Question 5

Give the parts of the pancreas

Answer 5

Two lobes:

• Left lobe
  
  • In bursa omentalis
    
    • left + right pole
• Right lobe
  
  • In mesoduodenum
    
    • Cranial + caudal pole

Question 6

What is jejunum covered by

Answer 6

Omentum major

Question 7

From which artery does jejunum receive nutrition?

Answer 7

A. mesenterica cranialis

Question 8

What is jejunum suspended by

Answer 8

• Mesojejunum
  
  • From the dorsal abdominal wall
  • At the ileocecal junction → continues with the descending mesocolon

Question 9

What marks the position/length of ileum?

Answer 9

A. antimesenterica

Question 10

What is localized between ileum and caecum?

Answer 10

Plica ileocolica

Fold between the ileum and the caecum

​

Question 11

Give the parts of the large intestines

Answer 11

• Caecum
• Colon
• Rectum

Question 12

What is the attachment between:

1. Ileum to caecum
2. caecum to colon

Answer 12

1. Plica ileocaecale
2. Plica caecocolica

Question 13

Where does the caecum communicate with the ascending colon?

Answer 13

At the cecocolic orifice (ostium caecocolicum)

Question 14

What is colon suspended by

Answer 14

Mesocolon

Question 15

Give the parts of the colon

Answer 15

1. Colon ascendens
   
   • ​​Shortest
   • Lies right to the root of the mesentery
2. Flexura coli dextra
3. Colon transversus​
   
   • ​​Right → left.
   • Lies cranial to a. mesenterica cranialis
4. Flexura coli sinistra
5. Colon descendens​​​​​
   
   • Longest, wider mesocolon
   • Dorsal and left in abdomen

Question 16

What ends at the entrance of the pelvic inlet and becomes the rectum?

Answer 16

Plica duodenocolica

Between ascendens duodenum and descendens colon

Ends at the entrance of the pelvic inlet and becomes the rectum

Question 17

At the level of which vertebrae does the rectum begin

Answer 17

At the level of L7

Question 18

Which muscle forms the outer longitudinal layer of the rectum?

Answer 18

M. retrococcygeus

Question 19

Give the suspensions of the mesentrium

Answer 19

• Mesoduodenum
• Mesojejunum
• Mesoileum
• Mesocolon
  
  • Mesocolon ascendens
  • Mesocolon transversum
  • Mesocolon descendens
• Mesorectum
• Velum omentale

Question 20

Mesoduodenum

Answer 20

• From dorsal abdominal wall to the duodenum
• Encloses right lobe of the pancreas
• Cranially: continuous with omentum majus
• Caudally: to duodenum flexura caudalis

Question 21

Mesojejunum

Answer 21

From dorsal abdominal wall to jejunum

Question 22

Mesoileum

Answer 22

From dorsal abdominal wall to ileum

Question 23

Mesocolon

Answer 23

• Mesocolon ascendens
  
  • From dorsal abdominal wall to ascending colon
• Mesocolon transversum
  
  • From dorsal abdominal wall to colon transversum
• Mesocolon descendens
  
  • From dorsal abdominal wall to descending colon

Question 24

Mesorectum

Answer 24

From dorsal abdominal wall to rectum

Question 25

Velum omentale

Answer 25

Attachment between mesocolon and spleen

Question 26

Blood supply to cranial duodenum

Answer 26

A. gastroduodenalis (ex. a hepatica, ex. a. coelica)

Question 27

Blood supply to descending duodenum

Answer 27

A. pancreaticoduodenalis caudalis (ex. a. mesenterica cranialis)

Question 28

Blood supply to jejunum

Answer 28

Aa. jejunalis (ex. a mesenterica cranialis)

Question 29

Blood supply to ileum

Answer 29

* **A. ilei mesenterialis** ( ex. a. ileocaecocolica, ex. a. mesenterica cranialis) * **A. antimesenterica**

Question 30

Blood supply to caecum

Answer 30

A. caecalis (ex. a. ileocolica, ex. a. mesenterica cranialis)

Question 31

Blood supply to colon ascendens

Answer 31

* **R. colicus** (ex. a. ileocolica) * **A. colica dextra** (ex. a. mesenterica cranialis)

Question 32

Blood supply to colon transversum

Answer 32

A. colica media (ex. a. mesenterica cranialis)

Question 33

Blood supply to a. colon descendens

Answer 33

* A. colica sinistra (ex. a. mesenterica caudalis) * A. colica media

Question 34

Blood supply to rectum

Answer 34

A. rectalis cranialis (a. mesenterica caudalis)

Question 35

Where does all the intestines drain into?

Answer 35

All the organs drain into **venae portae** to the liver

Question 36

Answer 36

1. **Aorta abdominalis** 2. *A. Celiaca* 3. *A. splenica* 4. **A. gastrica sinistra (left)** 5. *Spleen* 6. **Pancreas** 7. *Stomach* 8. **A. mesenterica cranialis** 9. **A. mesenterica caudalis** 10. **Colon descendens** 11. *A. renalis* * *Supplying the kidey* 12. *​A. iliacia circumflexa profundus* * *​→ A. testicularis* * *\* Vaginal ring*

Question 37

Answer 37

1. **Ileum** 2. **A. antimesenterica** 3. **Plica ileocecalis** 4. **Colon ascendens** 5. **Colon transversum** 6. Fundus of the stomach * \* **Cecum** * **→ Mesenteric lymph nodes**

Question 38

Pancreas, fresh tissue

Answer 38

1. **Left lobe of pancreas** 2. Omentum major 3. **Right lobe of the pancreas** 4. **Mesoduodenum** 5. **Body of the pancreas** 6. *Stomach* 7. **Descending duodenum** 8. **Ascending duodenum** 9. **Transverse colon** 10. **Descending colon**