Practical topic 33 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the abdominal wall composed of?
A
- Cranially:
- Diaphragm
- Dorsal:
- Lumbar vertebrae
- Lumbar muscles
- Laterally and ventrally:
- Abdominal muscles
- Caudal
- Continuous with pelvic cavity
2
Q
Dorsal abdominal wall
A
Roof of abdominal cavity, consisting of :
- Skin
- Superficial and deep thoracolumbar faciae
-
Epaxial muscles
- M. iliocostalis
- M. longissimus
- M. multifidus
-
Hypaxial muscles
- M. quadratus lumborum
- m. iliopsoas
- m. psoas minor
- Lumbar vertebrae with processus transversus
- Iliac faciae
3
Q
Lateral and ventral abdominal wall
A
Attached:
- Cranially to the ribs and sternum
- Dorsally of lumbar transverse process
- Caudally to the pelvis
Consists of:
- Skin
- Superficial and deep fascia (superficial fascia encloses m. cutaneous trunci)
- Internal layer of fascia = fascia transversus
- Abdominal muscles
4
Q
Where is peritoneum located
A
- Serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity
- Forms a large peritoneal sac enclosing cavum peritonei = the peritoneal cavity
- Extends caudally into pelvic cavity
5
Q
Peritoneum
Male dogs
A
- Each inguinal canal in the male permits a peritoneal invagination (tunica vaginalis) to reach the scrotum
- The peritoneal cavity is closed
6
Q
Peritoneum
Female dogs
A
It is open to the outside by the genital tract (small openings of uterine tube)
7
Q
A
8
Q
Give the openings found in peritoneum
A
- Hiatus aorticus
- Hiatus esophageus
- Foramen venae cavae
- The pleura and peritoneum form a seal around these openings
9
Q
Give the subdivisions of peritoneum
A
- Peritoneum parietale
- Peritoneum viscerale
10
Q
What does peritoneum parietale cover?
A
The abdominal wall
11
Q
What does peritoneum viscerale covers
A
Organs
12
Q
Give the subdivisions of peritoneum viscerale, and what do they cover?
A
- Intraperitoneal:
- Most organs
- Retroperitoneal:
- Kidney, ureter (in the retroperitoneal space)
- Extraperitoneal:
- Ovaries
13
Q
What is the function of the omenrtum?
A
- Protect organs
- Filled with lymph vessels
- Fat storage
- Omentalization (covers injuries)
14
Q
What does the greater and lesser omentum cover?
A
- Greater:
- Most of the organs
- Lesser:
- Situated cranially, has cranial recess
15
Q
What is the divisions of the greater omentum?
A
- Superficial layer:
- Parietal
- Omental bursa / lesser peritoneal cavity (cranial and caudal recess)
- Parietal
- Deep layer:
- Visceral
16
Q
Omentum minus
What is it a part of?
A
Ventral mesogastrium
17
Q
Omentum minus
Where does it pass?
A
- Passes from:
- Curvatura minor of the stomach
- Cranial part of duodenum
-
Passes to:
- Fascies visceralis of the liver
18
Q
Omentum minus
Compartmenst
A
- Vestibulum bursae omentalis
- Vestibule of omental bursae
- Enclosed by lesser omentum, stomach and liver
- Lig. hepatogastricum
- Left
- Lig. hepatoduodenale
- Right
- Contains bile duct
- Recessus cranialis omentalis
19
Q
Omentum minus
Recessus cranialis omentalis
A
- The ligaments create the borders (lig. hepatogastricum and lig. hepatoduodenale)
- Contains:
- Processus papillaris of the liver
-
Foramen epiploicum:
- Demonstrate by putting fingers between vena cava caudalis and vena portae
- Connecting greater peritoneal sac and vestibulum bursae omentalis
20
Q
Omentum majus
What is it an extension of?
A
Extended fold of dorsal mesogastrium
21
Q
Omentum majus
Where does it attach?
A
To curvatura major of the stomach
22
Q
Omentum majus
Where is paries superficialis found?
A
Between jejunum and ventral abdominal wall
Enclosing bursa omentalis
23
Q
Omentum majus
Paries profundus
A
Dorsal to stomach, contains left lobe of pancreas
24
Q
Omentum majus
Give the ligaments
A
-
Lig. gastrolienalis
- Stomach → spleen
-
Lig. Gastrophrenicus
- Stomach → diaphragm
-
Lig. phrenicolienalis
- Diaphragm → spleen
25
**Omentum majus**
Give the recess
* **Recessus caudalis omentalis**
* Contains recessus lienalis (splenic recess)
26
**Mesentries**
Attachments
* From dorsal mesogastrium(?)
* Attaches to the abdominal wall opposite of the second lumbar vertebrae by a short peritoneal attachment known as **root of the mesentrery**
* Peripheral border attaches to jejunum and ileum
27
**Mesentries**
What is it continuous with?
With ascending mesocolon and ileocolic junction
28
**Mesentries**
Sub divisions
* **Mesoduodenum**
* From dorsal abdominal wall to the duodenum
* Encloses right lobe of pancrease
* Cranially: continous with omentum majus
* Caudally: continous with duodenum
* Caudal flexure
* **Mesojejunum**
* ****From dorsal abdominal wall to jejunum
* **Mesoileum******
* ****From dorsal abdominal wall to ileum
* **Mesocolon**
* **Mesocolon ascendens**
* ********From dorsal abdominal wall to ascending colon
* **Mesocolon transversum**
* ****From dorsal abdominal wall to transverse colon
* **Mesocolon descendens**
* ****From dorsal abdominal wall to descending colon
* **Mesorectum**
* ****From dorsal abdominal wall to rectum
* **Velum omentale**
* ****Attachment between mesocolon and spleen
29
30
Give the ligaments of the liver
* Lig. falciforme hepatis
* Lig. coronarium hepatis
* Lig. triangualre dextrum et sinistrum
* Lig. hepatorenale
31
Lig. falciforme hepatis
* Extends from
* Liver → diaphragm
* Ventral abdominal wall → umbilicus
* Adult dogs:
* Filled with fat
* Goes only from diaphragm → umbilicus
* Young dogs:
* Lig. teres hepatis, remnant of v. umbilicus
32
Lig. coronarium hepatis
* Sheet of peritoneum
* Passes between
* Diaphragm → liver
* Around the caudal vena cava and hepatic veins
* Ventrally, the right and left parts of the coronary ligaments converge to form lig. falciforme
33
Lig. triangulare dextrum et sinistrum
* Right:
* From the right crus of the diaphragm above central tendinous part of lateral right lobe of the liver
* Left:
* From the left crus of the dipahragm to the lateral lobe of the liver
34
Lig. hepatorenale
Between **caudate process** (with impressio renalis) and the right kidney
35
Give the folds and their localization
* Plica duodenocolica:
* Peritoneal fold between **duodenum ascendens** and **colon descendens**
* Plica ileocaecalis:
* Fold between **ileum** and **colon**
36
Invaginations
* **Excavatio pubovesicalis**
* Between pubic bone and bladder
* **Excavatio vesicogenitalis**
* ****Between bladder and uterus
* **Excavatio rectogenitalis**
* ****Between uterus and rectum
* **Fossa parietalis**
* ****On each side of the rectum (place fingers there to show)
* Confluent with excavation rectogenitalis
* Male: excavatio vesicogenitalis and rectogenitalis is almost confluent / non-seprable
* **Plica gentialis** separate them****
* Contains **umpullae** of ductus deferens, uterus.
37
Give the ligaments of the bladder
* **Lig. vesicae mdianum**
* ****Median ligament of the bladder
* **Lig. vesicae laterale**
* ****X2
* Lateral ligaments of the bladder
* May contain round ligament
* **Lig. teres vesicae**
* ****X2
* Round ligament of the bladder
* **Lig. latum uteri**
* ****Broad ligament of the bladder
* Arise from the wall of pelvic cavity
38
Give the divisions of lig. latum uteri
Divided into 3 parts:
* **Mesometrium******
* **Mesovarium**
* **Mesosalpinx**
* ****Envelopes tuba utrina
39
Give the ligaments of the female genitals
* **Lig. suspensorium ovarii**
* ****Free border of the mesovarium
* **Lig. teres uteri**
* **Lig. ovarii proprium**
