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A9 Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the NHS long term plan published

A

January 2019

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2
Q

What health inequalities does the nhs long term plan set out

A

Poor living environment
Poverty
Lack of life changes
Poor educational opportunities

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3
Q

Why do health inequalities cost the nhs more money

A

Because people in deprived areas make greater use of hospitals due to increased need

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4
Q

What is the aim of the nhs long term plan

A

That there will be world class care for everyone throughout their lives

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5
Q

What are the 2 types of pain

A

Chronic and acute

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6
Q

What is acute pain

A

Pain that comes on suddenly
Has a specific cause and usually disappears once the underlying cause of the pain goes away

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7
Q

What is chronic pain

A

Pain that is ongoing which can last for months even after the cause of pain has gone away

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8
Q

What are physical tics

A

Involuntary movements which can include blinking, jerking, coughing
Fast repetitive movements that result in sudden and difficult to control body movements

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9
Q

What conditions do tics occur with

A

ADHD
OCD

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10
Q

What should be recorded during baselines observations

A

Heart rate
Respiratory rate
Blood pressure
Level of consciousness
Oxygen saturation
Temperature

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11
Q

What is average heart rate

A

60-100bpm

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12
Q

What is average respiratory rate

A

12-20 breaths per minute

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13
Q

What is average blood pressure

A

110/60
120/80
Mmhg

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14
Q

What is level of consciousness

A

If the patient does not respond to pain or voices they are said to not be conscious

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15
Q

What is normal oxygen saturation

A

90%
94-100% is normal

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16
Q

What is normal temperature

A

36-37°

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17
Q

What is the first organ to react to a serious/dangerous condition

A

The skin

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18
Q

How does skin colour indicate poor health

A

Bluish/purple skin could indicate an oxygen problem
Paler skin than usual may indicate shock or dehydration
Flushed skin can be an indicator of fever or high blood pressure

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19
Q

How does temperature indicate poor health

A

Skin that looks cool and wet can suggest a significant problem
Skin that feels hot can be an indication of fever
Cold wet skin can indicate infection, shock or heart attack
Dry skin could indicate dehydration

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20
Q

What may an individual do whilst their in pain

A

Repeatedly touching or guarding parts of the body
Moving slowly
Wringing or clenching
Verbally report

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21
Q

What is a verbal sign of pain

A

Self reporting
Crying out
Groaning/ grunting

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22
Q

What is a non verbal sign of pain

A

Facial expressions

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23
Q

What is a self report

A

When an individual tells a healthcare professional about their pain

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24
Q

What is a behavioural sign of pain

A

Altered energy levels
Altered character
Changes in usual eating/ sleeping patterns

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25
Describe how individuals can self manage their health
Healthy diet Regular excercuse No bad habits e.g. smoking
26
What do vitamins and minerals do for the body
Help the immune system guard against illness and immunodeficiency
27
What does lack of iron cause
Anaemia
28
What does lack of vitamin a cause
Poor night vision Skin problems
29
What does lack of vitamin b1 cause
Beri beri Mouth ulcers Muscle weakness
30
What does lack of vitamin c cause
Scurvy Wounds and cuts slow to heal
31
What does lack of vitamin d cause
Rickets Weak bones and teeth Muscle weakness
32
What does lack of calcium cause
Tooth decay/ osteoporosis
33
What does lack of iodine cause
Goitre
34
What is malnutrition
When the body does not contain the right amount of nutrients
35
What factors should a health care worker take into account when supporting an individual to eat
Their allergies, likes/dislikes, medication and religion
36
Why would you need to pay particular focus to a patients diet who has dementia
Memory loss can mean forgetfulness around mealtimes so they may forgot to eat They may also cause harm to themselves as they may forget hot appliances are in a kitchen and burn themselves
37
What can cause difficulties with eating
Poor dental hygiene, medical issues, unsafe swallowing, age
38
What should you do as a health professional if your patient is not eating
Contact other work teams (MDTs) Support them Contact their family
39
Reasons people live longer
Healthier lifestyle and public health programmes Advances in healthcare Changing attitude Improvements in environment Antibiotic and mass vaccination
40
What are the 5 ways to wellbeing
Be active Keep learning take notice of what is going on around you and be interested Connect with people Give to people
41
What is bmi
Body mass index A measure used to indicate if a person is underweight or overweight compared to the overall population
42
What is underweight on the bmi scale
19.9 and below
43
What is normal on the BMI scale
20-24.9
44
What is overweight on the bmi scale
25-29.9
45
What is obese on the BMI scale
30-39.9
46
47
What is severely obese on the bmi scale
40+
48
Why is bmi not always accurate
It does not consider muscle mass
49
How many adults are considered obese in the uk
1 in 4
50
How many children are considered obese in the uk
1 in 5 children ages 10-11
51
What are you at risk at if you’re underweight
Weakened immune system Difficulty with temperature regulation Nutritional deficiencies Malnutrition
52
What is vitamin a necessary for
Fighting infection Healthy skin and blood Strong bones and teeth Good eyesight Growth of new cells
53
What is vitamin b essential for
Energy production Nervous system Blood production Healthier hair, skin ,eyes, liver and mouth Muscle tone
54
What is vitamin c essential for
Helping skin to heal Red blood cell production Fighting off bacterial infections Helping iron to be absorbed Helping to prevent infection
55
What is vitamin d essential for
Strong bones and teeth Helping regulate the heart Contributing to good health Protecting against muscle weakness Helping calcium be absorbed
56
What is vitamin e essential for
Improving circulation Helping muscles use oxygen Helping normal clotting and healing Extending life of red blood cells Keeping healthy eyes Helping prevent heart disease
57
What is vitamin k essential for
Blood clotting Normal liver function Helping calcium be absorbed
58
What are the factors that increase the risk of a person developing type 2 diabetes
A high sugar diet
59
Describe how an individuals eating habits can affect their blood pressure
Higher fat diets may cause your arteries and vessels to become clogged, squeezing them and forcing blood through a smaller rate therefore increasing blood pressure
60
What happens to the skin with age
Wrinkles Looseness due to elasticity loss Dryer skin
61
What happens to the hair with age
Thinning Growth slows Men go bald
62
What happens to hearing smell and taste with age
Senses deteriorate Ability to hear deminishes Smell and taste decline May lose appetite
63
What happens to eye sight with age
Long sighted may develop Cataracts
64
What happens to teeth with age
Decay and gum disease may occur if dental hygiene is neglected
65
What happens to the lungs and respiratory system with age
Lungs become less elastic (less likely to expand and fill with air) Respiratory muscles weakened Less able to take part in strenuous exercise
66
What happens to the heart and blood vessels with age
Heart efficiency decreases Blood pressure may raise
67
What happens to the digestive system with age
Saliva and digestive juices decrease with age Food takes longer to go through the system as muscles are weakened
68
What happens to the reproductive system with age
Menopause marks the end of reproductive capacity for women
69
What happens to the urinary system with age
Kidneys become less efficient at filtering waste products May need to pass urine more
70
What happens to the Skelton and muscles with age
People shrink in height Total bone mass is reduced Knee problems may cause mobility issues Muscles may become more flexible Posture and mobility likely to alter
71
What weeks should babies be vaccinated
8 weeks 12 weeks 18 weeks
72
What will a health visitor check
Babies growth and development Teething Feeding Any health conditions
73
What ages do children get vaccinated
1 year 2 years - 10 years 3 years and 4 months 12-13 years 14 years
74
What years do adults get vaccinated
65 years 65 years and every year after 70 years
75
3 examples of age associated diseases
Parkinson’s Alzheimer’s Arthritis
76
How can retirement make an individual feel
It may make them feel lonely and bored, with possibly unhappiness from not being able to get out

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