AA PeptProt.ppt Flashcards
What are amines?
Amines are organic chemistry relatives of ammonia
How are the amines structure compared to ammonia?
Amine´s structure resembles ammonia molecules in which alkyl groups take the place of one, two, or all three hydrogen atoms
Primary amines
amines with one alkyl or phenyl group
Secondary amines
amines with two alkyl or phenyl group
Tertiary amines
amines with three alkyl or phenyl group
Amines have similar properties to the properties of …….
ammonia, but modified by the presence of alkyl or phenyl groups
The lone pair electrons are responsible for ammonia being:
- very soluble in water
- a base
- a ligand
- a nucelophile
*these properties are found in amines too
Can ammonia and amines form hydrogen bonds?
yes
The smaller the alkyl groups of the amines are…….
the more soluble it is.
The presence of hydroxide ions makes the solution …….
alkaline
Like ammonia, amines also react with …….
acids. Their reaction with amines is complete and the solution therefore looses its strong amine smell.
Why does ammonia attack electrophiles such as halogenoalkalines?
Ammonia can act as a nucleophile, with the lone pair of electrons on the N atom attacking electrophiles such as halogenoalkalines
How does amines form secondary and tertiary amines?
Amines do substitution reactions with halogenoalkalines. That is because amines like ammonia behave as nucelophiles, because they have a lone pair of N atom, just the same as ammonia
What are amino acids derivatives of?
AA are teh derivatives of carboxylic acid, in which at least a hydrogen atom linked to the side chain is replaced by amine group, NH2
Alpha amino acid
In the alpha amino acid, the α-carbon is a chiral carbon atom, with the exception of glycine
Which forms can the α-amino acids have?
the α-amino acids can exist in either of two optical isomers, called L or D amino acids, which are mirror images of each other
Where can we find L-amino acids?
L-amino acids represent all of the amino acids found in proteins in animals
Where are D-amino acids found?
D-amino acids are found in some proteins of bacteria and lower organisms
An AA has both ……
a basic amine group and an acidic carboxylic group
Zwitterion
A zwitterion is a compound with no overall electrical charge, but which contains separate parts which are positively and negatively charged.
