AlcoholEtThioChMedl.ppt

Question 1

Are the alcohols homologous?

Answer 1

yepp

Question 2

Where are alcohol derived from?

Answer 2

Alcohols are derived from alkanes by substituting an -OH group for an -H atom.

Question 3

When can we get isomeric compounds possible?

Answer 3

For alcohols containing more than two C atoms, isomeric compounds are possible

Question 4

Polyhydric alcohols

Answer 4

Alcohols with more than one -OH group

Question 5

Phenols

Answer 5

-OH group directly attached to a benzene ring

Question 6

Physical properties of alcohol:

Answer 6

• polar

- forms hydrogen bonds

Question 7

What happens with alcohol in strongly acidic solutions?

Answer 7

In strongly acidic solutions alcohols undergo substitution readily because a protonated alcohol contains very weakly basic leaving group-water

Question 8

Elimination reaction of alcohol:

Answer 8

When heated with the strong acid, an alcohol with β-hydrogen can undergo dehydration (loss of water) to yield an alkene.

Question 9

What happens with alcohol when it reacts with carboxylic ester?

Answer 9

reaction of alcohol with carboxylic acid yields carboxylic ester, called simply ester.

Question 10

What are ethers derived from?

Answer 10

Ethers are derived from alkanes by substituting an alkoxy group (-OR) for an H-atom

Question 11

Physical properties of ethers:

Answer 11

• slightly polar
• dont form hydrogen bonds
• slightly soluble in water
• mixes well with other nonpolar molecules such as alkanes
• the boiling point is similar to that of the alkane with corresponding relative molecular mass
• the lower ethers are very volatile and dangerously flammable

Question 12

Thiol

Answer 12

• is an organosulfur compound that contains a sulfur-hydrogen bond (S-H).
• sulfur analogue of an alcohol

Question 13

Mercaptans

Answer 13

sometimes thiols are referred to as mercaptans

Question 14

how is the bonding between the thiol groups?

Answer 14

In the solid or molten liquids, the hydrogen-bonding is weak, the main cohesive force being van der Waals interactions between the highly polarizable divalent sulfur centers.

Question 15

Physical properties of thiols:

Answer 15

• strong odorous resembling that of garlic
• strong and repulsive odorous, particularly those of low molecular weight (e.g. skunk spray)
• low boiling point
• less soluble in water and other polar solvents tan alcohols of similar molecular weight
• thiols are more acidic than alcohols

Question 16

What can thiols form in proteins?

Answer 16

The thiols group in proteins can be oxidized to disulfide groups. The -S-S- bridge bonds two proteins molecules and hold them in their necessary shapes.

Question 17

Phenols

Answer 17

compounds that have -OH group directly bound to benzene ring are called phenols.

Question 18

Phenols are derived from ………

Answer 18

hydroxybenzene

Question 19

Naphtols and phenathrols

Answer 19

compunds that have -OH group attached to polycyclic benzoid ring. chemically similar to phenol

Question 20

The methyl phenols are commonly called

Answer 20

cresols.

Question 21

1,4-benzenediol

Answer 21

hydroquinon

Question 22

1,3-benzenediol

Answer 22

resorcinol

Question 23

1,2-benzenediol

Answer 23

catechol

Question 24

female sex hormone

Answer 24

estradiol

Question 25

antibiotics

Answer 25

tetracyclines

Question 26

Phenols compared to alcohols

Answer 26

phenols are stronger acids than alcohol

Question 27

How can we form esters using phenols?

Answer 27

Phenols react with carboxylic acids anhydrides and acyl chlorides to form esters

Question 28

Williamsons synthesis

Answer 28

Phenols can be converted to ethers through Williamson synthesis

Question 29

Cleavage of alkyl aryl esters

Answer 29

when alkyl aryl esters react with strong acids as HI or HBr, the reaction produces an alkyl halide and phenol