Ab Structure & Genetics

Question 1

Antibody producing cells

Answer 1

Plasma cells (type of B-cells)

Question 2

COVID B and T cells seem to produce _____

Answer 2

immunologic memory

Question 3

Antibody (Ab) can also be called

Answer 3

Immunoglobulin (Ig)

Question 4

Part of antibody that binds antigen

Answer 4

Fab

Question 5

Hypervariable region is called

Answer 5

complimentary determining region (CDR)

Question 6

Classes of Immunoglobulins (Isotypes)

Answer 6

IgG                
IgA                
IgM               
IgE                
IgD                

GAMED

Question 7

What makes each class of Ig isotope different

Answer 7

Different Fc (constant) region

Question 8

There are ___ different versions of IgG

Answer 8

four

Question 9

There are __ different versions of IgA

Answer 9

two

Question 10

We have a total of ___ Ig Isotypes

Answer 10

nine

Question 11

A particular antibody will have ____ of the nine possible heavy-chain constant regions.

Answer 11

A particular antibody will have one of the nine possible heavy-chain constant regions.

Question 12

The light chains associated with an antibody will be either ______ light chains or ______ light chains

Answer 12

The light chains associated with an antibody will be either kappa (k) light chains or lambda (l) light chains.

Question 13

_____ is always secreted as a pentamer

Answer 13

IgM is always secreted as a pentamer

Question 14

IgA producing plasma cells make either _____ ____ (antibody) or _____ ____ (antibody)

Answer 14

IgA producing plasma cells make either monomeric IgA or dimeric IgA

Question 15

Polymeric Abs have a single _____ protein bound to the

Answer 15

Polymeric Abs have a single J-chain protein bound to the

Question 16

All B cells have an antigen-specific receptor consisting of a ________ (two H-chains and two L- chains) plus a heterodimer of ______ and ______.

Answer 16

All B cells have an antigen-specific receptor consisting of a monomeric Ig molecule (two H-chains and two L- chains) plus a heterodimer of Ig-alpha and Ig-beta.

Question 17

In B cell membrane ____ and ____ functions to deliver signals to the cell (signal transduction)

Answer 17

In B cell membrane Ig-alpha and Ig-beta functions to deliver signals to the cell (signal transduction)

Question 18

B cells that have never been activated by antigen

Answer 18

Naïve B cells

Question 19

B-cell receptor in Naive B cells has both ____ and ____

Answer 19

B-cell receptor in Naive B cells are IgM and IgD

Question 20

B-cell receptor in memory B-cell are ___ or ___ or ___

Answer 20

B-cell receptor in memory B-cell are IgG or IgA or IgE

Question 21

Antibody Effector Function

Answer 21

How an antibody helps eliminate a particular pathogen

Question 22

Agglutination

Answer 22

Clumps antigens which makes them more readily removed by phagocytes

Question 23

Neutralization of virus or toxin by Ab

Answer 23

When an antibody prevents a virus or toxin from entering a cell

Question 24

Antibodies from COVID vaccine seem to produce ____ (effect) antibodies

Answer 24

Neutralizing

Question 25

Inhibition of Bacterial adhesion

Answer 25

When antibodies prevent Bacteria from binding

Question 26

Opsonization

Answer 26

Ability of antibodies to facilitate and enhance process of phagocytosis

Question 27

Best antibody for agglutination

Answer 27

IgM

Question 28

Activation of macrophage (opsonization) occurs via cross-linking of ____ (opsonin) and ____ (receptor)

Answer 28

Opsonization occurs via IgG and FcgR (receptor)

Question 29

Phagocytosis of tumor cell

Answer 29

Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP)

Question 30

Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) implies phagocyte recognition of _____ specific for tumor antigens

Answer 30

Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) implies phagocyte recognition of IgG specific for tumor the antigens

Question 31

Nature killer (NK) cells express ____ receptors for_____

Answer 31

Nature killer (NK) cells express Fc-receptors for IgG (FcgR)

Question 32

NK cells destroy some virus-infected or tumor cells by _____.

Answer 32

NK cells destroy some virus-infected or tumor cells by inducing apoptosis.

Question 33

Mast cell is highly specific for antibody _____

Answer 33

Mast cell is highly specific for antibody IgE

Question 34

Why is IgE-Fc cross-linking in Mast cells different?

Answer 34

IgE binds to mast cell before binding to antigen

Question 35

How does mast cell granule release get activated?

Answer 35

If at least 2 antibodies in mast cell come into contact with antigen, mast cell will release granule

Question 36

Resting mast cell contains granules containing ____ and other ____

Answer 36

Resting mast cell contains granules containing histamine and other inflammatory mediators

Question 37

The inflammatory response resulting from mast cell degranulation functions in _________.

Answer 37

The inflammatory response resulting from mast cell degranulation functions in immunity to worms.

Question 38

Mast cell degranulation is also a key element in ______

Answer 38

Mast cell degranulation is also a key element in allergic reactions

Question 39

Antibody functions (8)

Answer 39

1. Ag-specific receptor 2. Agglutination 3. Neutralization 4. Complement activation 5. Opsonization 6. Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) 7. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) 8. Mast cell activation

Question 40

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)

Answer 40

Leads NK cells to recognize a target cell and induce apoptosis

Question 41

Fc receptor antigenic antibody functions (4)

Answer 41

1. Opsonization 2. Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) 3. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) 4. Mast cell activation

Question 42

Antibodies contained in all tissues of the body

Answer 42

1. Monomeric IgA | 2. IgG

Question 43

Found primarily in Heart and Bloodstream

Answer 43

1. Monomeric IgA 2. IgG 3. IgM

Question 44

Found in high concentration in mucosal secretions (saliva, tears, etc.)

Answer 44

Dimeric IgA

Question 45

Found beneath epithelial and cell mucosal surfaces (where mast cells live)

Answer 45

IgE

Question 46

Ab transported to baby while in the placenta

Answer 46

IgG

Question 47

Ab transmitted to baby through lactation

Answer 47

IgA

Question 48

At birth an infant has adult levels of _____ (antibody)

Answer 48

IgG

Question 49

The half life of IgG is about ____

Answer 49

4 weeks

Question 50

The infant will have protection via maternal Abs for _____

Answer 50

a few months

Question 51

Receptor that recognizes a dimeric IgA and transports it across epithelial cells and releases it to the lumen

Answer 51

poly-Ig receptor

Question 52

Secretory IgA

Answer 52

IgA that has a remnant from poly-Ig receptor

Question 53

IgA and Poly-Ig receptor bond is a ____ bond that must be cut by a/an ____

Answer 53

IgA and Poly-Ig receptor bond is a covalent bond that must be cut by a/an enzyme

Question 54

Common mucosal immune system

Answer 54

Concept that immune responses that occur at one mucosal site result in IgA secreting cells migrating, via the lymphatics and blood, to distant mucosal sites.

Question 55

Fragment variable (FV)

Answer 55

Variable and contains VH and VL. Also includes a binding site for antigen

Question 56

You can link VH and VL via a polypeptide linkage in a lab and form a _____

Answer 56

You can link WH and VL via a polypeptide linkage in a lab and form a single chain FV (scFV)

Question 57

Immunotoxin

Answer 57

You can put a toxin on scFV, so when it recognizes a tumor antigen it kills the cancer cell