T-Cell function

Question 1

CD4+ T cells cells HELP other responses by ______

Answer 1

synthesizing cytokines

Question 2

What do CD8+ T-cells do?

Answer 2

KILL infected host cells

Question 3

Biological targets of:

Th1
Th2
Th17

Answer 3

Th1-Intracellular pathogens (cell mediated immunity)

Th2-worms and allergies

Th17-fungi and extracellular bacteria

Question 4

CD8+ T cells function (2)

Answer 4

1. Activation of Naïve CD8+ T cells

2. Response of CD8+ T cells – killing

Question 5

Signature cytokines of Th1

Answer 5

IFN-g

Question 6

Signature cytokines of Th2

Answer 6

IL-4, IL-5, IL-13

Question 7

Signature cytokines of Th17

Answer 7

IL-17, IL-22

Question 8

Signature cytokines of Treg

Answer 8

TGF-Beta, IL-10

Question 9

What is a common approach to treating inflammatory conditions, and 2 specific examples

Answer 9

Blocking cytokines:

1. Monoclonal AB specific for cytokine or receptor
2. Kinase inhibitors

Question 10

Innate cells shape T cell differentiation via ______

Answer 10

cytokines

Question 11

Which cytokine activates TH1

Answer 11

IL-12

Question 12

T-cell that drives cell-mediated immunity and the immune cells is and activates

Answer 12

Th1 (via IFN-g) activates CD8+, NK, Macrophages, IgG

Question 13

Cytokine that activates Th2

Answer 13

IL-4

Question 14

Cells activated by Th2

Answer 14

Eosinophils, class switching to IgE (plasma cells)

Question 15

What antigens activate Th2

Answer 15

Innate sensing of worms and allergens

Question 16

What antigens activate Th1

Answer 16

Innate sensing of intracellular pathogens

Question 17

Which cytokine activates Th17

Answer 17

IL-23

Question 18

Which antigens activate Th17

Answer 18

Innate sensing of fungi and extracellular bacteria

Question 19

Th1 stimulates plasma cells to produce ____ (Ig)

Answer 19

IgG

Question 20

B cells are also _____

Answer 20

antigen presenting cells

Question 21

B cells present peptides from proteins internalized via _____

Answer 21

BCR

Question 22

Full B cell activation needs a second signal from _____

Answer 22

a T-cell

Question 23

B receives second signal from ________ interaction

Answer 23

CD40-CD40L

Question 24

Activated CD8+ T cells induce ______

Answer 24

apoptosis

Question 25

Activated CD8+ T cells become | ___________

Answer 25

cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL)

Question 26

Apoptosis vs Necrosis

Answer 26

In necrosis the cell rips and spills contents out (dangerous if infected with virus). In apoptosis, the cell has a controlled death and the membrane doesn't get ruptured until phagocytosis

Question 27

1st and 2nd signals for activation of naive CD8+ T cells

Answer 27

1st is from TCR-peptide-MHC interaction 2nd is usually cytokines (from effector CD4+ T cells) or B7-CD28 interaction with APC (usually dendritic cells)

Question 28

Effector cells (do/do not) need the second signal! MHC + peptide is enough to activate killing

Answer 28

Do not

Question 29

Activated CD8+ T cells kill target cells by two pathways:

Answer 29

1) Fas-FasL interaction induces apoptosis | 2) Granzymes enter target via perforin channels and induce apoptosis

Question 30

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells

Answer 30

Patient’s T cells engineered in vitro to express a receptor specific for tumor antigen

Question 31

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) has TWO main components

Answer 31

1) Recognition unit - selected to interact with tumor antigen (CD19 etc) 2) T-cell signaling unit