Innate/Adaptive Immunity

Question 1

Innate Immunity

Answer 1

includes a variety of mechanisms that can prevent infection or eliminate pathogen

Question 2

_____ immunity is present in all individuals at all times

Answer 2

Innate immunity

Question 3

_____ immunity has earliest response to infection/ Minutes/hours

Answer 3

Innate immunity

Question 4

_____ immunity recognizes groups of similar pathogens (not “antigen-specific”)

Answer 4

Innate immunity

Question 5

____ immunity does not increase with repeated exposure to a pathogen (no “memory”)

Answer 5

Innate immunity

Question 6

Examples of Innate Immunity

Answer 6

Mechanical barriers
Biologically active substances
Cellular

Question 7

C-Reactive Proteins

Answer 7

Biologically active substance that is used to measure infection

Question 8

mononuclear phagocytic cells that are present in most tissues

Answer 8

Macrophages

Question 9

____ are derived from monocytes

Answer 9

macrophages

Question 10

enter infected tissues to engulf and kill extracellular pathogens, especially bacteria

Answer 10

Neutrophils

Question 11

also known as: polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN)

Answer 11

Neutrophils

Question 12

function is to kill parasites that are too large to be ingested by phagocytes

Answer 12

Eosinophils

Question 13

Involved in allergic responses

Answer 13

Eosinophils

Question 14

Found in connective tissues throughout the body. They are involved in responses to parasites (especially helminths) and in allergic responses.

Answer 14

Mast cells

Question 15

Found in the blood and are thought to have a similar function as mast cells

Answer 15

Basophils

Question 16

Can detect and kill your own cells if they develop tumor of become infected

Answer 16

Natural Killer Cells

Question 17

Found in tissues and function to

detect infection and elicit an innate response

Answer 17

Dendritic cells

Question 18

Cells of the innate immune system have receptors for pathogens called

Answer 18

pattern recognition receptors (PRR)

Question 19

microbial product recognized by a PRR is called

Answer 19

pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP).

Question 20

A pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that recognizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from gram negative bacteria

Answer 20

TLR-4

Question 21

ADAPTIVE (ACQUIRED) IMMUNITY

Answer 21

Are host defenses mediated by the clonal expansion and differentiation of antigen-specific lymphocytes (B cells and T cells).

Question 22

____ immunity requires sensitization by antigen (Ag)

Answer 22

adaptive immunity

Question 23

____ immunity develops over days/weeks

Answer 23

adaptive immunity

Question 24

____ immunity has antigen-specific response

Answer 24

adaptive immunity

Question 25

____ immunity results in immunological memory

Answer 25

adaptive immunity

Question 26

Adaptive immunity can be classified as ____ immunity or _____ immunity

Answer 26

Adaptive immunity can be classified as humoral immunity or cell-mediated immunity

Question 27

______ immunity is mediated by antigen-specific antibodies (Ab) produced by activated B cells (plasma cells)

Answer 27

Humoral immunity is mediated by antigen-specific antibodies (Ab) produced by activated B cells (plasma cells)

Question 28

In humoral immunity, antibodies can be transferred to _____ recipients by ______.

Answer 28

In humoral immunity, antibodies can be transferred to non-immune (naïve) recipients by immune serum (antiserum).

Question 29

_______ immunity are adaptive immune responses primarily involving antigen-specific T lymphocytes (T cells).

Answer 29

Cell-mediated Immunity (CMI) are adaptive immune responses primarily involving antigen-specific T lymphocytes (T cells).

Question 30

______ immunity can be transferred to naïve recipients by T cells, but not by immune serum.

Answer 30

Cell-mediated immunity can be transferred to naïve recipients by T cells, but not by immune serum.

Question 31

Proliferation and differentiation to produce effector cells and memory cells (both T and B cells)

Answer 31

Clonal Selection

Question 32

Clonal selection process (sequence)

Answer 32

Antigen-recognition->proliferation->Clone of memory cells +clone of plasma cells

Question 33

POLYCLONAL antibodies responses

Answer 33

Many clones of B-cells will be able to recognize a specific shape in the antigen

Question 34

Epitope

Answer 34

Specific shape in the antigen recognized by antibodies

Question 35

Primary Lymphoid organs

Answer 35

``` Bone Marrow (involved in B-cell development) Thymus (Involved in T-cell development) ```

Question 36

Secondary Lymphoid Organs (5)

Answer 36

Are "bags of immune cells" and include: ``` Adenoid Tonsil Lymph nodes Spleen Peyer's Patches ```

Question 37

Antibody (Immunoglobulin) Structure is composed of:

Answer 37

Two heavy chains (H-chains) and two light chains (L-chains)

Question 38

Disulfide bond link between antibody heavy chains is called ___

Answer 38

hinge

Question 39

Digestion of antibody (aka Ig) with low concentration of ______ cleaves exposed hinge region and produces ____ and ____ fragments

Answer 39

Digestion of antibody (aka Ig) with low concentration of proteolytic enzyme papain cleaves exposed hinge region and produces Fab and Fc fragments

Question 40

Each Fab fragment contains one _____

Answer 40

Each Fab fragment contains one antigen binding site

Question 41

First ~100 units of variable and light chains are highly ____ between antibodies

Answer 41

variable

Question 42

Variable region for the heavy chain (VH) and light chain (VL)

Answer 42

N terminus

Question 43

Contant region of antibody

Answer 43

C terminus