ABA tests Flashcards by Abdiel Servant

An FBA might include direct testing, parent interview, and

A. direct observations
B. record review
C. both a and b

C. both a and b

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You must pass a background check in order to become an RBT.

A. True
B. False

A. True

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I know you are hungry because I heard your stomach growl is a(n) ________________ argument.

empirical

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Which component of Darwin’s theory of evolution was particularly important for the development of behavior analysis?
A. adaptation
B. selection
C. variability

B. selection

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Behaviors that do not allow the individual to contact reinforcement in the environment are eliminated over time through the process of __________________.

extinction

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Which of the following statements is true?
A. A conditioned stimulus becomes a neutral stimulus through pairing with an unconditioned stimulus.

B. A neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through pairing with an unconditioned stimulus

C. An unconditioned stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through pairing with a neutral stimulus

B. A neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through pairing with an unconditioned stimulus

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A stimulus is any environmental event that elicits a behavioral response. TRUE/FALSE

TRUE

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Reflexive responses are elicited by conditioned stimuli. TRUE/FALSE

FALSE

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Which of the following was an early version of Skinner’s principle of reinforcement?

Thorndike’s Law of Effect

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The Little Albert studies demonstrated that what was possible?

Conditioning of emotions in humans

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When an organism begins to respond to previously neutral stimuli without direct conditioning, what has happened?

Generalization

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My application fee will be refunded by the BACB if I do not pass the test. TRUE/FALSE

FALSE

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IQ tests are not affected by things like language skills. TRUE/FALSE

FALSE

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ADHD cannot be diagnosed if the person has mood or anxiety disorders. TRUE/FALSE

FALSE

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Severity of ADHD is rated based on…
A. Impact on life functioning
B Frequency of symptoms
C. Number of symptoms

A. Impact on life functioning

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For purposes of diagnosis, hyperactivity and impulsive behaviors are categorized together. TRUE/FALSE

TRUE

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Developmental disabilities may result in four types of functional limitations: physical, mental, emotional, and behavioral. TRUE/FALSE

FALSE

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“Laura thinks she is the boss” is an observable statement. TRUE/FALSE

FALSE

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Repeated presentation of a single stimulus with a single response occurs during which phases of skill building

A. Acquisition and Fluency
B. Fluency and Maintenance
C. Maintenance and Generalization

A. Acquisition and Fluency

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ADHD has three types?

Predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive/impulsive, and combined type

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During maintenance training, we seek to determine how well the learner can ….?

perform the skill when distracted

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This is a good behavior goal:

Upon entering his workplace each morning, Mr. Miller will greet at least three coworkers with a wave, smile, or head nod for 3 consecutive days by the 14th treatment session.
TRUE/FALSE

TRUE

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Milton’s RBT is collecting duration data on how much time he spends with friends all day on Friday. This is continuous data collection using continuous numbers. TRUE/FALSE

TRUE

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Some behavior analysis researchers advocate for a four term contingency that includes motivating operations. TRUE/FALSE

TRUE

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In order to ensure a behavior definition is complete, it is often important to include A. completion criteria B. confidence intervals C. exclusionary examples

C. exclusionary examples

Data collection is useful if you can work it in, but ABA plans do not require it. TRUE/FALSE

FALSE

In order to be classified as a developmental disability, a disorder must have three components. true/false

true

Behaviors are responses to needs. TRUE/FALSE

FALSE

Caroline loves bubble gum. Her teacher gives bubble gum to every child who finishes their math facts work sheet in less than one minute. Caroline never finishes in one minute, and she cries when everyone gets bubblegum except for her. The faster she writes her answers, the more mistakes she makes. The most likely reason for the reinforcer not working is A. Restricted Range of Options B. Sensitivity to the Consequence C. Either A or B could be correct

A. Restricted Range of Options

Will is a waiter who receives a tip for every customer he serves. What reinforcement schedule is this? A. Fixed interval B. Fixed ratio C. Variable ratio

B. Fixed ratio

Skinner was a strong believer in free will. TRUE/FALSE

FALSE

JJ's mother objects to a goal his IEP team recommended (to identify his ABCs) because he has worked on it for 10 consecutive years and has not mastered it. JJ's mother is essentially saying the goal has no __________________??_ A. behavioral momentum B. person-centeredness C. social validity

C. social validity

The good thing about negative punishment is you can use it with new problem behaviors as they emerge without revising your plan. TRUE/FALSE

FALSE

According to the BACB, punishment is only to be used after reinforcement has failed. TRUE/ FALSE

FALSE

Response Blocking has been shown to be useful in the treatment of self-injury. TRUE/FALSE

TRUE

Mary is an RBT who has been taught to feed her client, John, who has swallowing problems. She now wonders if she could provide the same service to other people who have similar swallowing problems. She is wondering if her skillset ______________________________ between clients.

generalizes

Punishment is an acceptable therapeutic intervention if you cannot block delivery of the reinforcer. TRUE/FALSE

TRUE

JJ's mother objects to a goal his IEP team recommended (to identify his ABCs) because he has worked on it for 10 consecutive years and has not mastered it. JJ's mother is essentially saying the goal has no _____???_________________ . A. behavioral momentum B. person-centeredness C. social validity

C. social validity

The first step in the scientific method is A. Hypothesize B. Observe C. Question

B. Observe

If reprimands are the only form of attention given, they will become reinforcing. TRUE/FALSE

TRUE

Which of the following statements is true? A. A conditioned stimulus becomes a neutral stimulus through pairing with an unconditioned stimulus. B. A neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through pairing with an unconditioned stimulus C. An unconditioned stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through pairing with a neutral stimulus

B. A neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through pairing with an unconditioned stimulus

The only symptom of ADHD that is typically outgrown is inattentiveness. TRUE/ FALSE

FALSE

Will is a waiter who receives a tip for every customer he serves. What reinforcement schedule is this?

Fixed ratio

Sleep training is not a target for behavior analysis. TRUE/FALSE

FALSE

The first step in the scientific method is to form a hypothesis. true/false

false

Interview skills and customer service skills are examples of _________ skills.

soft skills

Which of the following areas are commonly addressed through skill acquisition plans? A. communication B. social skills C. both a and b

C. both a and b

Problem behavior is best addressed if a .....? ____________________ behavior is taught.

replacement

Driving skills are at risk for loss in senior citizens due to changes in __________________. A. reaction time B. vision C. both a and b

C. both a and b

IQ is more important than adaptive behavior when making a diagnosis of intellectual disability. TRUE/FALSE

FALSE

When beginning a new punishment procedure, it is important to apply the consequence __________________ . A. consistently B. immediately C. both a and b

C. both a and b

Behavior analytic conferences hosted by organizations such as ABAI and APBA are primarily focused on professional development of behavior analysts and are not a good source of information for RBTs. TRUE/FALSE

FALSE

Motor imitation skills are important precursor skills for verbal behavior. TRUE/FALSE

TRUE

When conducting listener skills training, it is best to have the child master one skill before introducing a second skill. TRUE/FALSE

FALSE

The best time to teach the mand for apple is when the child has just eaten an apple. TRUE/FALSE

FALSE

Marla does not read well. When called on in class, to read she always says she has a headache. Teachers stop calling on her. The behavior of claiming she has a headache is being... A. Negatively reinforced B. Positively reinforced C. Punished

A. Negatively reinforced

The processes used in problem behavior intervention vary across the lifespan. TRUE/FALSE

FALSE

Which of the following is NOT a good way to measure behavior? A. Counting B. Rating Scale C. Timing

B. Rating Scale

The acronym to remember for goal setting is? A. GOAL B. ROUNDUP C. SMART

C. SMART

Listeners serve as both reinforcers of and discriminative stimuli for speaker behavior. true/false

TRUE

Reprimand is considered... A. Negative Reinforcement B. Negative Punishment C. Positive Punishment

C. Positive Punishment

Echoics are taught before and during mand training because... A. imitation skills are necessary precursors for training other skills B. echoics develop first in the normal developmental sequence C. both a and b

C. both a and b

Stickers are positive reinforcers. A. True B. False C. Not enough information

C. Not enough informationx

Reinforcement for correct responding in a motor imitation trial is usually... A. Social B. Tangible C. Unnecessary

A. Social

Some devices will allow a person to say any word they can think of, even if it was not pre-programmed. TRUE/FALSE

TRUE

7.14 is a A. continuous number B. discrete number C. continuous data collection

A. continuous number

People who use picture communication may _ or _ the pictures A. draw; print B. point to ; exchange C. point to; write on

B. point to ; exchange

Which form of sign language is used frequently by native oral speakers who later lose their hearing and study ASL? A. Formal Sign B. Pidgin Sign C. Idiosyncratic Sign

B. Pidgin Sign

RBT: "Where should we go?" Child: "The aquarium!." In this scenario, the child's response is a(n) ____________________. A. intraverbal B. mand C. tact

A. intraverbal

# **** An advanced skill within the category of task-related behavior includes accepting feedback and correcting errors. TRUE/FALSE

TRUE

This is a good behavior goal: Upon entering his workplace each morning, Mr. Miller will greet at least three coworkers with a wave, smile, or head nod for 3 consecutive days by the 14th treatment session. TRUE/FALSE

TRUE

Who holds the power in a service relationship? A. the service provider B. the service recipient C. power is shared

B. the service recipient

Research demonstrates time-out should cease when the time limit is up, even if the person is engaging in the problem behavior at that moment. A. True B. False

B. False

The process of gradually reducing prompts is called?

Prompt Fading

Task analysis steps may be used to create visual schedules for people to self-monitor their own activities. A. True B. False

A. True

Prompt fading plans should include criteria for advancing and ____________________ . A. Reducing B. Reversing C. Rewriting

B. Reversing

James' RBT is working with him to reduce the time required for him to begin work when told to do so. The data needed here is A. Duration B. Frequency C. Latency

C. Latency

Patrick has a short attention span for watching others and displays problem behaviors when presented with too many tasks in a row. What chaining procedure is probably best for him? A. Backward Chaining B. Forward Chaining C. Total Task Chaining

B. Forward Chaining

Another word for function is purpose. A. True B. False

TRUE

RBT: "Bobby" Bobby: (looks at RBT). In this scenario, Bobby's behavior is a(n) ___________________ skill. A. intraverbal B. listener skill C. tact

B. listener skill

Which type of language training requires the most sign language fluency from the RBT? A. Intraverbals B. Mands C. Tacts

A. Intraverbals

Parasha is learning to make his bed. He struggles most with smoothing the sheets, but finds it easy to place his pillow and coverlet. He loves to see his bed completely made, but curses a great deal when smoothing the sheets. What form of chaining does this information suggest you try first? A. Backward Chaining B. Forward Chaining C. Total Task Chaining

A. Backward Chaining

Overlearning is a concept related to... A. Acquisition B. Fluency C. Generalization

B. Fluency

Task analysis is used for A. Progress monitoring B. Teaching C. Both A and B

C. Both A and B

Scatterplots are used to determine A. The function of a behavior B. The frequency of a behavior C. The time distribution of a behavior

C. The time distribution of a behavior

In order to be classified as a developmental disability, a disorder must have three components. A. True B. False

A. True

In partial interval data collection, the behavior must occur for the duration of a time interval. A. True B. False

B. False

James is hyperactive is a behavioral statement. A. True B. False

B. False

Valid data is reliable data. T/F

TRUE

Which of the following is a risk associated with exclusionary time-out? A. aggression B. incidental reinforcement C. both a and b

C. both a and b

Who conducts an AAC assessment? A. BCBAs B. RBTs C. SLPs

C. SLPs

If Fred likes chocolate and gumdrops are not chocolate, is it correct to say Fred does not like gumdrops? A. It depends B. No C. Yes

B. No

Discontinuous data collection requires A. constant observation B. large spans of observation time C. sampling

C. sampling

Reflexive responses are elicited by conditioned stimuli. A. True B. False

B. False

Frequency and rate are the same thing. A. True B. False C. People argue about this.

C. People argue about this.

Todd's teacher is teaching him to write his letters. First she had him trace the letters, then she had him trace dotted lines of the letters, then half the dots were removed, then he wrote the letters on plain paper. This is called A. Stimulus control B. Stimulus fading C. Stimulus transfer

B. Stimulus fading

Fred is working with Ricky to decrease his ranting behavior by having him insert a pause before responding to stimuli that typically precede a rant. Inserting a pause is the replacement behavior. Which of the following methods could you use to measure Ricky's progress with using the replacement behavior? A. Duration of rant B. Frequency of rants C. Latency between stimulus and rant

C. Latency between stimulus and rant

Nathan's Mom stands beside him while he brushes his teeth, allowing him to complete the tasks alone but prompting him if he skips steps or performs them incorrectly. Nathan is learning to brush his teeth via A. Backward Chaining B. Forward Chaining C. Total Task Chaining

C. Total Task Chaining

Reinforcement for emitting a correct echoic is usually... A. letting the child escape the interaction B. praise and attention C. the thing requested

B. praise and attention

Frequency data is useless without a timeframe. A. True B. False

A. True

Fred has noticed that when Ricky ends a rant, he typically pauses for three or four minutes then resumes ranting. He decided to introduce a self-calming activity during the pause to try to eliminate the repetitive rants or at least extend the amount of time between iterations. To assess effectiveness, he would need to collect ____________________ data. A. Frequency B. Inter-response Time C. Latency

B. Inter-response Time

Choose the goal statement below that passes the dead man's test. A. Millicent will refrain from arguing with her parents when told to take a bath. B. When told to take a bath, Millicent will report to the bathroom within 2 minutes, without further prompting. C. When told to take a bath, Millicent will not protest by the third week of treatment.

B. When told to take a bath, Millicent will report to the bathroom within 2 minutes, without further prompting.

Fred is working with Ricky to decrease ranting behavior (defined as high volume rapid speech containing curse words and complaints). The best way to measure this would most likely be A. Frequency count of the words he says during a rant B. Inter-response time between rants C. Duration of rant

C. Duration of rant

Madelyn observed her client and marks an interval box if the behavior occurs at any point during the interval. Madelyn is using A. Momentary Time Sampling B. Partial Interval Recording C. Whole Interval Recordimg

B. Partial Interval Recording

Creating a task analysis can be enhanced by A. Creating the TA by watching a video of someone completing the task. B. Following the steps of a completed TA to verify it is correct. C. Both A and B are correct.

C. Both A and B are correct.

Momentary Time Sampling for groups A. Event Recording B. Head Count C. PLA-CHECK

C. PLA-CHECK

The most conservative estimate of behavior is provided by the discontinuous data collection method known as A. Momentary Time Sampling B. Partial Interval Recording C. Whole Interval Recording

A. Momentary Time Sampling

In ABA, we never tell the learner they are wrong. A. True B. False

B. False

Which of the following data collection methods provides an overestimate of behavior? A. Momentary Time Sampling B. Partial interval C. Whole interval

B. Partial interval

Conversing and answering questions are examples of... A. Echoics B. Intraverbals C. Tacts

B. Intraverbals

Ed watches his client and marks a box if the behavior of interest is displayed throughout the observed interval. Ed is using A. Momentary Time Sampling B. Partial Interval Recording C. Whole Interval Recording

C. Whole Interval Recording

Least effective prompt data collection is a method that is used to track progress in errorless learning. A. True B. False

B. False

Valid data are accurate, representative, _____________________, and significant A. realistic B. relevant C. reverent

B. relevant

Trials to criterion is not a good data collection method for discrete trial training. A. True B. False

B. False

Which of the following data collection methods poses a risk that the data may not actually belong to the client? A. Partial Interval B. Permanent Product Recording C. PLA-CHECK

B. Permanent Product Recording

Permanent product recording is an indirect method of data collection. T/F

TRUE

Nicholas is reinforced for smoothing his sheets, tucking them in, and pulling the comforter up to the top of the bed,. His RBT places the pillows. This is an example of teaching bed making via A. Backward Chaining B. Forward Chaining C. Total Task Chaining

B. Forward Chaining

Which of the following is a common application for permanent product recording data collection? A. Academics B. Behavior Reduction C. Fluency Building

A. Academics

Motor imitation is important for... A. Developing a generalized repertoire of imitation B. Preparing to learn augmentative communication C. Both a and b

C. Both a and b

The only verbal operant that directly serves the speaker. A. Intraverbal B. Mand C. Tact

B. Mand

Graphing is required, but RBTs have a great deal of flexibility about how to set up their graphs to best show the data. T/F

FALSE

The two types of time-out are called exclusionary and non-exclusionary. A. True B. False

A. True

J.R.'s boss read a book on reinforcement and decided to distribute paychecks on a variable interval schedule. Employees must be present to get their paycheck. If this method survives the courts, what effect should it have on work attendance? A. Attendance will improve and remain high. B. Attendance will initially improve, but many people will call in sick after they get their checks. C. Attendance will decrease due to morale.

A. Attendance will improve and remain high.

Intellectual functioning is normally measured with a(n) ________ test?

IQ test

If a client has an extraordinary day with a high rate of behavior that is not likely to be repeated in the future, you do not have to adjust the y-axis to accommodate it. A. True B. False

A. True

The science of human behavior A. Applied Behavior Analysis B. Behavior Analysis C. Behavioral Learning Theory

B. Behavior Analysis

Condition phase change lines are create in Excel with the ________________ function.

Error bars

When setting up your data to graph in Excel, begin with baseline and enter no other data on that line except for the height of the major phase change line that marks it. A. True B. False

B. False

How many columns of data are required to create a scatterplot?

The seminal 1968 article outlining the dimensions of applied behavior analysis was written by A. Baer, Wolf, and Risley B. Keller and Skinner C. Skinner

A. Baer, Wolf, and Risley

To differentiate bars in a bar chart, use A. Colors B. Patterns C. Shades of Gray

B. Patterns

To create a bar chart in Excel, select the Bar Chart option from the Chart menu. A. True B. False

B. False

RBTs are not allowed to enter data into standardized assessment instrument electronic data platforms. T/F

FALSE

Senior citizens with developmental disabilities are at increased risk for inappropriate prescribing of psychotropic medications. T/F

TRUE

Developmental checklists are used with?

Infants and toddlers

For the purposes of assessment, sexuality is considered a(n) A. adaptive skill B. problem behavior C. social skill

C. social skill

Language and communication skills assessments conducted by behavior analysts will focus on A. Expressive language B. Receptive language C. Skinner's analysis of verbal behavior

C. Skinner's analysis of verbal behavior

The end product of a Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement preference assessment is items scoring based on ___?

rank ordering

The preference assessment method in which children are presented with one item at a time.

Single Stimulus

Which of the following preference assessments usually takes the longest to administer? A. Free Operant B. Multiple Stimulus With Replacement C. Paired Stimulus

C. Paired Stimulus

Multiple Stimulus with Replacement scored by rank ordering. t/f

TRUE

ABA is only interested in solving socially meaningful behavior problems of humans. T/F

TRUE

It is unethical for an RBT to be an interventionist and to be an informant on a skills assessment. T/F

FALSE

Only persons who have the ability to touch a screen or keyboard accurately can use a speech-generating device A. True B. False

B. False

Ecological assessment results are used to develop A. antecedent interventions B. skill building goals C. both a and b

C. both a and b

The nature-nurture debate is decided. T/F

FALSE

Problem behaviors are culturally determined. T/F

TRUE

The basic principle of reinforcement is: stimulus - response - consequence T/F

TRUE

Celeste observes her client and marks whether or not a behavior is occurring at the end of a designated interval. Celeste is using A. Momentary Time Sampling B. Partial Interval Recording C. Whole Interval Recording

A. Momentary Time Sampling

C. both a and b

C. Latency between stimulus and rant

Early intervention is important for language development because of __________________________. A. critical periods for development B. harmful parenting practices C. exposure to toxins can only be reversed in infancy

A. critical periods for development

In this preference assessment, children have access to a variety of toys and can interact with one or more as they choose. A. Free Operant B. Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement C. Single Stimulus

A. Free Operant

In which of the following types of graph is it acceptable to use color? A. Bar charts B. Line graphs C. Color is never to be used.

C. Color is never to be used.

Behaviors that have a sensory function are always reinforced via automatic positive reinforcement. T/F

FALSE

The end product of a Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement preference assessment is items scoring based on _______________________________________________________. A. duration of engagement B. percent of opportunities C. rank ordering

C. rank ordering

Multi-function behaviors do not really exist. T/F

FALSE

Stereotypical behaviors sometimes include objects. T/F

TRUE

Any variation from standardized testing procedures should be reported to your BCBA supervisor. T/F

TRUE

Three types of IOA data formulas were taught: those were for counted data, timed data and ____________________ . A. calculated data B. interval data C. measured data

B. interval data

When reporting your ABC recording data, the narrative should explain the graph. T/F

FALSE

Stimuli are types of A. antecedents B. consequences C. both a and b

C. both a and b

Skill acquisition plans have goals that are broken down into ?

benchmark objectives

An intraverbal response is a verbal response to a verbal SD with... A. point-to-point correspondence B. no point-to-point correspondence C. both a and b

B. no point-to-point correspondence

Ed is collecting data on a student's latency to initiate work when instructed to do so by his teacher, but the student's goal is to increase duration of work. His data is not ____________________. A. Accurate B. Representative C. Relevant

C. Relevant

When collecting ABC data in a descriptive functional behavior assessment, consequences are groups into _______________ categories. A. arbitrary B. functional C. superfluous

B. functional

There are two main approaches for conducting an FBA. T/F

TRUE

Benny and Elaine say "I love you" at the end of every phone conversation. What reinforcement schedule is that? A. Fixed interval B. Fixed ratio C. Variable ratio

B. Fixed ratio

The four main conditions of an experimental functional analysis are: attention, escape, demand, and alone. T/F

FALSE

Delay tolerance is another word for procrastination. T/F

FALSE

Functional analysis provides higher certainty results with lower response effort than descriptive functional assessment. T/F

FALSE

A bar chart might be used for A. Functional Analysis results B. Preference Assessment results C. Both a and b

C. Both a and b

ABA services must be provided 1:1. T/F

FALSE

Alice collected data at the same time and place every day for two weeks. Her data may not be A. Accurate B. Representative C. Significant

B. Representative

The IISCA conditions typically are run for 3-5 minutes at a time. T/F

TRUE

Usually, data collection in a functional analysis is based on A. Duration B. Frequency C. Momentary Time Sampling

B. Frequency

A method of functional behavior assessment that combines the systematic comparison of variables used in functional analysis with ABC analysis in a natural setting is called A. Environmental Manipulation B. Naturalistic Analysis C. Participant Observation

A. Environmental Manipulation

The IISCA is an approach to functional assessment that moves Iwata's test conditions into the natural environment. T/F

FALSE

RBTs must follow skill acquisition plans exactly. T/F

TRUE

Skill acquisition goals are based on?

assessment results

Before a session, the RBT must ensure all __???_______ are available, organized, and accessible.

materials

The most salient question when considering most-to-least vs least-to-most is the degree to which _____________ is likely to negatively impact learning.

making errors

Data collection procedures may also include information about completion criteria and reversal criteria. T/F

TRUE

Memory loss is almost always irreversible. T/F

FALSE

As an RBT, you should expect to see your supervisor A. at least once per month B. daily C. frequently

C. frequently

To get the best results from a preference assessment, be sure to include items the person has never seen. T/F

FALSE

Goals are more specific versions of benchmark objectives. T/F

FALSE

Teaching by reinforcing the sequential completion of steps in a task analysis A. Chaining B. Differential Reinforcement C. Shaping

A. Chaining

Endurance is shaped by gradually changing _______________ requirements. A. Duration B. Frequency C. Latency

A. Duration

When problem behaviors occur in a predictable chain, BCBAs may target only the _____________ behavior in the chain in order to shape the behavior. A. first B. last C. most dangerous

A. first

If I use shaping to gradually reduce prompt levels, I am increasing A. Endurance B. Independence C. Perseverance

B. Independence

Treatment integrity is best assessed through self report. T/F

FALSE

Time-out is seclusion. T/F

FALSE

The term "successive approximations" refers to the behavior change methodology called A. backward chaining B. forward chaining C. shaping

C. shaping

Telling someone to do something is a verbal prompt. A. Always B. Sometimes C. Never

B. Sometimes

Information gleaned from environmental manipulation has higher social validity but lower certainty than functional analysis results. T/F

TRUE

Stimulus in the presence of which, reinforcement is not available. A. Discriminative Stimulus B. Generalization Stimulus C. Stimulus Delta

C. Stimulus Delta

The stage of learning in which a new skill is taught A. Acquisition B. Discrimination C. Stimulus Control

A. Acquisition

Discrete Trial Training (DTT) is another name for Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). T/F

FALSE

The six schedules of reinforcement covered in this course are: Fixed Ratio, Variable Ratio, Fixed Interval, Variable Interval, Fixed Time, and Variable Time T/F

TRUE

Supervisors may use a TA to monitor your work. T/F

TRUE

Multiple Stimulus with Replacement is a hybrid of Multiple Stimulus without Replacement and Paired Stimulus preference assessments. T/F

TRUE

There are two forms of modeling: watching someone else perform the skill live or watching someone else perform the skill on video. T/F

FALSE

Count of the number of trials required to achieve a predetermined level of performance. A. Least effective prompt B. Treatment integrity C. Trials to criterion

C. Trials to criterion

In basketball, repeated personal fouls result in a player being benched. This is an example of _______________________ if it leads to that player committing fewer personal fouls. A. Negative punishment B. Negative reinforcement C. Positive punishment

A. Negative punishment

Teaching multiple examples of the SD and the SΔ until the concept is able to be applied to untrained stimuli A. Discrete Trial Training B. Multiple Exemplar Training C. Natural Environment Training

B. Multiple Exemplar Training

Discrete Trials are usually presented at a slower pace so that the child with Autism has enough time to process what is being asked. T/F

FALSE

Practically speaking, we should spend more time helping people learn how to use _____________ currency than ___________ currency. A. digital, paper B. paper, digital

A. digital, paper

Behavior intervention plans are sometimes difficult to implement in natural settings due to which of the following A. Demonstrated lack of efficacy of ABA in natural settings B. Systems barriers such as lack of resources and differing guiding philosophies C. Both A and B

B. Systems barriers such as lack of resources and differing guiding philosophies

Implementing a behavior plan in a public setting brings new challenges because A. there are new antecedents and consequences for the learner B. there are new antecedents and consequences for the RBT C. both a and b

C. both a and b

Behavior Intervention Plans typically include strategies for prevention as well as response to problem behavior. T/F

TRUE

When creating a scatterplot in Excel, how many places do you have to adjust the settings in order to create black data points?

Treatment integrity is best assessed through self report. T/F

FALSE

Token economy has been found to be an ineffective intervention. T/F

FALSE

It is a good idea to crop unimportant data out of your graph. T/F

FALSE

Crisis intervention plans often include procedures for A. de-escalation B. punishment C. time-out

A. de-escalation

Interventions designed to prevent problem behaviors. A. Antecedent interventions B. Punishment C. Both a and b

A. Antecedent interventions

Which of the following is an example of a cuing strategy to prevent problem behavior? A. Teaching the child to follow a visual schedule B. Telling the child to ask for a break when tired C. Both a and b

A. Teaching the child to follow a visual schedule

The data collection method for free operant preference assessments is A. Duration B. Momentary Time Sampling C. Partial Interval

C. Partial Interval

Ed's boss reports that he can predict which days Ed is going to make a scene at work, based on how he greets everyone when he arrives. This indicates a(n) _________________________________________ is probably in effect. A. establishing operation B. punishing contingency C. stimulus control variable

A. establishing operation

Antecedent-based approaches usually provide more rapid effects than consequence -based approaches. T/F

TRUE

Task analysis is the process of breaking a task down into a ___________________ of smaller steps. A. Collection B. Large number C. Sequence

C. Sequence

When a behavior is elicited by a stimulus without additional prompts and reinforcers, ________________________ has been attained. A. behavioral momentum B. stimulus control C. stimulus equivalence

B. stimulus control

The key to success with extinction is to combine it with punishment. T/F

FALSE

One example of a pre-academic skill is A. Matching to sample B. Sitting in seat C. Both a and b

C. Both a and b

Teaching procedures include prompting methods. error correction, and ______________. A. data collection B. discontinuation criteria C. reinforcement procedures

C. reinforcement procedures

Skill acquisition plans include goals, objectives, ___________________, and data collection. A. benchmarks B. materials C. timelines

B. materials

One common use of extinction is A. safety behaviors B. teaching right from wrong C. toddler tantrums for tangibles

C. toddler tantrums for tangibles

Sr+ is the abbreviation for ?

positive reinforcement

Extinction of automatically reinforced behavior may include use of special materials that block access to the body. T/F

TRUE

Extinction procedures will vary based on behavior ____________________ . A. function B. intensity C. topography

A. function

Problem behaviors often occur because of skill deficits. T/F

TRUE

During mand training, if the child requests an item that is visible to him, the therapist can reinforce by either giving him the item or praising him for asking nicely. T/F

FALSE

Wesley wants to decrease his nail biting behavior using DRI. Which of the following replacement behaviors would be appropriate for that methodology? A. calling a friend B. chewing gum C. placing hands in pocket

C. placing hands in pocket

One way the Hanley model differs from the Iwata model is A. there are more test conditions B. the control condition is eliminated C. target behaviors are less specific

C. target behaviors are less specific

Heidi wants to increase her exercise. Currently she works out after work on average one day per week. The other days she goes out with friends. She has decided to shape her behavior by asking her friends to refuse to go out with her unless she has met her exercise goal for the week. The goal rate of exercise will be incrementally increased each week. This is a method of differential reinforcement called differential reinforcement of A. high rates of behavior B. incompatible behavior C. other behavior

A. high rates of behavior

Cassie is trying to extinguish her use of curse words but substituting the words "sugar" and "fudge" for the curse words she uses most frequently. Her friends are helping by discontinuing conversation with her if she .says the curse words, and extending the conversation if she uses the substitute words. This is differential reinforcement of ___________________________ behavior. A. alternative B. other C. low rates of

A. alternative

Which of the following procedures includes extinction? A. Differential reinforcement B. Shaping C. Task Analysis

A. Differential reinforcement

All Behavior Intervention Plans must include data collection procedures. T/F

TRUE

It is acceptable to change two components of a single behavior in one shaping schedule. T/F

TRUE

One example of an antecedent control strategy for a child motivated by escape A. Scheduled attention B. Scheduled breaks C. Both a and b

B. Scheduled breaks

Modern research indicates environmental factors can influence genetic development. T/F

TRUE

Which of the following is NOT a method of differential reinforcement? A. DRA B. DRE C. DRI

B. DRE

Otis wants to know how long it takes Fred and Laura to initiate work after being told to begin. Is this a good example of a behavioral measurement? A. It depends B. No C. Yes

C. Yes

Teacher takes advantage of naturally occurring situations to teach the targeted skills. A. Chaining B. Differential Reinforcement C. Incidental Teaching

C. Incidental Teaching

Natural environment teaching method in which the teacher observes the child’s point of interest, models the correct response, and requires the child to replicate the model. A. Discrete Trials B. Forward Chaining C. Mand-Model

C. Mand-Model

Automatic reinforcement is usually related to ___________________ behaviors. A. Attention-maintained B. Avoidance C. Sensory

C. Sensory

Stimuli are types of A. antecedents B. consequences C. both a and b

C. both a and b

NET introduces certain concerns that are less prominent in clinic-based services, such as A. confidentiality B. safety C. both a and b

C. both a and b

You should not contrive teaching situations in the NET. T/F

FALSE

Of all the communication modes, we are least knowledgeable about the effects of picture communication on the development of spoken language. T/F

TRUE

The goal of motor imitation training is to have the child exhibit the behavior without a model. T/F

FALSE

Jaime's RBT is going to collect 15 minute time samples of his hand-raising behavior in each class over a three-week period by a frequency count. This is A. continuous data collection using continuous numbers B. discontinuous data collection using continuous numbers C. discontinuous data collection using discrete numbers

C. discontinuous data collection using discrete numbers

Behavioral skills training is not recommended for generalization training. T/F

FALSE

SEAT stands for A. Self, Everyone, Alone, Together B. Sensory, Escape, Attention, Tangibles C. Start Everyone At the Top

B. Sensory, Escape, Attention, Tangibles

When should teaching systems and routines for school and work settings begin? A. After ensuring the person knows the content to be taught B. On the first day C. When you see that the learner(s) are not catching on without specific instruction

B. On the first day

Establishing operations are often associated with A. temporary emotional states B. sensory processing issues C. both a and b

C. both a and b

School-wide PBIS eliminates the need for functional assessment and individualized behavior intervention plans. T/F

FALSE

RBTs are not allowed to enter data into standardized assessment instrument electronic data platforms. T/F

FALSE

The Good Behavior Game and Token Economy are not intended to be implemented simultaneously. T/F

FALSE

Research unequivocally supports the idea that authoritarian parenting is bad for children. T/F

FALSE

Tokens are conditioned reinforcers. T/F

TRUE

Which type of group contingency capitalizes least on positive peer pressure? A. dependent B. independent C. interdependent

B. independent

Bar charts can be used for categorical data or time series data. T/F

FALSE

Self-stimulatory behavior is repetitive non-purposeful movements or sounds. T/F

TRUE

In which of the following types of group contingencies do all members win or lose together? A. good behavior game B. independent C. interdependent

C. interdependent

If you have a problem with a supervisor or coworker that is inspiring a great deal of emotion in you, the best way to address this is usually A. face-to-face verbal communication B. formal documentation into the client record C. informal documentation, such as an email

A. face-to-face verbal communication

Some problem behaviors disappear when personally valued outcomes are honored through the process of person-centered planning. T/F

TRUE

Graphs provide clarity for making decisions about treatment. T/F

TRUE

B. Telling the child to ask for a break when tired

RBTs cannot be members of person-centered planning teams unless their BCBAs are on the same team. A. True B. False

FALSE

Reinforcement can be based on... A. presentation or removal B. punishment or reward C. reward or coercion

A. presentation or removal

Trixie's student engages in a high rate of self-injurious behaviors. She collects data on head banging, eye gouging, and self-biting. She does not include hair tugging because compared to the other behaviors, hair tugging is not _______________. A. accurate B. representative C. significant

C. significant

Privacy is a A. client's right B. therapist's obligation C. both a and b

A. client's right

You need to retain the following records related to your supervision: your RBT training certificate, annual competency assessments, and _______________________. A. Daily time sheets B. Weekly appointment schedules C. Monthly supervision logs.

C. Monthly supervision logs.

Nancy's RBT puts her shoes on for her, straightens the tongue, and pulls the strings tight. Nancy then ties her shoes. Nancy is learning to put on her shoes via A. Backward Chaining B. Forward Chaining C. Total Task Chaining

A. Backward Chaining

Quincy wants to teach his student to complete a chain of tasks using Forward Chaining because the learner is more likely to comply with a difficult task if he has had several successes in a row before being presented with that difficult task. In other words, Quincy is relying on the concept of ____________________________________. A. behavioral momentum B. the Premack Principle C. total task chaining

A. behavioral momentum

Which of the following is an example of a prompting strategy to prevent problem behavior? A. Providing a model for how to complete an algebra problem B. Reducing the number of algebra problems required C. Both a and b

A. Providing a model for how to complete an algebra problem

When in doubt about where to make an abuse report, call A. the designated official for your organization B. the police C. your supervisor

B. the police

There are four types of task analysis. T/F

FALSE

When teaching children to brush their teeth, we almost always use most-to-least prompting T/F

TRUE

A probe session is conducted to A. assess whether a skill can be performed without prompts B. To assess whether the person will initiate the task independently C. To assess the reason for multiple errors

A. assess whether a skill can be performed without prompts

Mary and Murray could be exhibiting the exact same behavior at the exact same time in the exact same setting for totally different functions. T/F

TRUE

Pandora loves attention and likes to learn how to do new things for herself. Pandora is a good candidate for total task chaining programs. T/F

TRUE

The data you collect in session serves as your session notes. T/F

FALSE

DRH is used for behaviors you want to ___________________; DRL is used for behaviors you want to __________________. A. decrease; increase B. eliminate; reinforce C. increase; decrease

C. increase; decrease

Christy's 17-year-old son is in your adolescent social skills group. He disclosed that he has a girlfriend but his mother will not allow him to go on a date with her. He wants you to role play talking to his mother about this. You are sure his mother will pull him out of the group if you do, though. What do you do? A. Call his mother and ask permission to do this role play. B. Call your BACB supervisor for instructions. C. Do the role play.

B. Call your BACB supervisor for instructions.

Which method of differential reinforcement allows reinforcement for ANY behavior except the target behavior? A. DRA B. DRI C. DRO

C. DRO

While at work one day, you learn your BCBA supervisor has been in a car wreck and is expected to be in the hospital for several months. What do you do? A. Continue services and note on your forms that your supervisor is in the hospital. B. Immediately inform your agency that you must have a new supervisor before you can continue working. C. Go to the hospital for supervision meetings between your supervisor's naps and physical therapy sessions.

B. Immediately inform your agency that you must have a new supervisor before you can continue working.

The BACB's codes of ethics for RBTs has three sections: general responsibilities, responsibilities in service delivery, and responsibilities to _____________________. A. self-monitor B. the supervisor and BACB C. clients

B. the supervisor and BACB

How many times must you meet with your supervisor each month? A. 1 B. 2 C. 4

B. 2

Only a BCBA or BCaBA can provide supervision for an RBT. T/F

FALSE

Privacy laws include the client's right to decide who knows they are receiving services from you. T/F

TRUE

A form of picture communication that is used to demonstrate a contingency A. activity schedule B. first - then schedule C. stop sign

B. first - then schedule