Abbreviations Flashcards
(230 cards)
1
Q
AE
A
AE = aes = copper alloy, i.e. copper, bronze or brass
2
Q
AR
A
AR = argentum = silver
3
Q
AV
A
AV = aurum = gold
4
Q
A
A
A = a(nni) / a(nnis)/ a(nnorum) = years/ aged or A(ulus) (first name)
5
Q
ABNEP
A
ABNEP = abnep(os) = the great-great-grandson
6
Q
ADIABI
A
ADIABI = Adiabinicus or, correctly, Adiabenicus (victor over the Adiabeni)
7
Q
ADNEP
A
ADNEP = adnep(os) or adnep(otis) or adnep(oti) = the great-great-great-grandson (nominative) or of/belonging to the great-great-great-grandson (genitive) or to the great-great-great grandson (dative)
8
Q
ADNEPOT
A
ADNEPOT = adnepot(is) or adnepot(i) = of/ belonging to the great-great-great-grandson (genitive) or to the great-great-great-grandson (dative)
9
Q
ADORNAVER
A
ADORNAVER = adornaver(unt) = they embellished/ decorated/ furnished with
10
Q
AE
Not the metal
A
AE = Ae(lius) (family name of Hadrian, Roman emperor AD 117-138) or Ae(lia) (named after Hadrian)
11
Q
AED
A
AED = aed(ilis) = aedile (magistrate responsible for overseeing markets at a state or municipal level)
12
Q
AEL
A
AEL = Ael(ius) (family name of Hadrian, Roman emperor AD 117-138) or Ael(ia) (named after Hadrian)
13
Q
AN
A
AN = an(ni) / an(nis)/ an(norum) = years/ aged or an(no) = in the year
14
Q
ANN
A
ANN = Ann(ius) (family name) or ann(i)/ ann(is)/ ann(orum) = years/ aged
15
Q
APOLLN
A
APOLLN = Apoll(i)n(i) = to Apollo (unconventional abbreviation)
16
Q
AQVILIF
A
AQVILIF = Aquilif(er) = eagle-bearer
17
Q
ARABIC
A
ARABIC = Arabic(us) (victor over the Arabs)
18
Q
ARG
A
ARG = arg(enteus), arg(entea) or arg(enteum), etc. = made of silver or arg(entum) = silver
19
Q
ARMENIACOR
A
ARMENIACOR = Armeniacor(um) = the victors over the Armenians (in genitive plural)
20
Q
AV
Not the metal
A
AV = Au(gusta) = Augustan (epithet)
21
Q
AVG
A
AVG = Aug(usta) or Aug(ustus) (imperial or divine title) or Aug(usta) (epithet of the Second Legion) or aug(ustus), aug(usta) or aug(ustum) = majestic
22
Q
AVGG
A
AVGG = Aug(usti) = two Augusti (imperial title) or Aug(ustorum) = of the two Augusti
23
Q
AVR
A
AVR = Aur(elius) (family name)
24
Q
AVREL
A
AVREL = Aurel(ius) (family name)
25
B
B = B(rigantium)
26
BALLIST
BALLIST = ballist(arium) = artillery platform
27
BF COS
BF COS = b(ene)f(iciarius) co(n)s(ularis) (soldier of special function in governor’s staff)
28
B M
B M = b(ene) m(erenti) = to the well deserving/ so well deserved
29
BON
BON = Bon(onia)
30
BONE SALVTI SIT REDDITVS
BONE SALVTI SIT REDDITVS = bon(a)e saluti sit redditus = he had been restored to safety
31
BONIS CASSIBV
BONIS CASSIBV = Bonis Cassibu(s) = to the Boni Casses (Gallo-Roman goddesses of fate? N.b. Boni Casses = the good Casses.)
32
BRA AVG
BRA AVG = Bra(cara) Aug(usta)
33
BRIT
BRIT = Brit(annia) = Britain or Brit(annicus) (victor over the Britons)
34
C
C = G(aius) (first name)
C(aesar)
c(ivitas) = town or community
C(laudia) or C(laudiae) = the Claudian (epithet in nominative or genitive)
C(olonia) = colony, i.e. a town of high status
c(onstans) = firm or 100
35
CA
CA = Ga(ius) (first name)
36
CAES
CAES = Caes(ar) (imperial title, held by all emperors, though it can also specifically refer to the rank of Caesar, or nobilissimus Caesar in Late Antiquity, below Augustus – often held by imperial princes) or Caes(area) or Caes(arensis) = Caesarea or of Caesarea
37
CAESS
CAESS = Caes(ares) = two Caesars (imperial title, see under ‘CAES’)
38
CAR
CAR = Car(vetii) or Car(vetiorum) = the Carvetii (nominative) or of the Carvetii (genitive)
39
CASTISSIME
CASTISSIME = castissim(a)e = the most chaste
40
CE
CE = ce(nturio)
41
CENS
CENS = cens(or)
42
CESARI
CESARI = C(a)esari
43
CHOR
CHOR = c(o)hor(s) (infantry unit, most of them cohortes quingenariae of c. 500 men, occasionally cohortes milliariae of c. 800 or 1,000 men; cohortes equitatae were part-mounted)
44
CL
CL = Cl(audius) or Cl(audia) (name)
45
CLAVD
CLAVD = Claud(ius) or Claud(ia) (name, the latter also a voting district)
46
CN
CN = Gn(aeus) (first name)
47
COH
COH = coh(ors) (infantry unit, most of them cohortes quingenariae of c. 500 men, occasionally cohortes milliariae of c. 800 or 1,000 men; cohortes equitatae were part-mounted)
48
COIIVGI
COIIVGI = co(n)iugi = to the/ his wife
49
COL
COL = Col(onia) = colony, i.e. a town of high status
50
COL AE CAP
COL AE CAP = Col(onia) Ae(lia) Cap(itolina)
51
COL AGRIPP
COL AGRIPP = Col(onia) Agripp(inensis)
52
COL AV TROA
COL AV TROA = Col(onia) Au(gusta) Troa(s)
53
CONSACRAT
CONSACRAT = consacrat(us)/ consacrat(a)/ consacrat(um) = consecrated
54
CONSVL // COS
COS = co(n)s(ul) (if the emperor in question held more
than one consulship, the number of consulships is often
indicated by a number, thus often allowing precise
dating of coins or inscriptions); COS III refers to an
emperor who has been consul three times at the time
when the inscription is set up; COS, especially after
two names, can also mean co(n)s(ulibus) ‘under the
consulship of ...'
55
COSS
COSS = co(n)s(ulibu)s = ‘under the consulship of ...’
56
COSVLIBVS
COSVLIBVS = co(n)sulibus = ‘under the consulship of ...’
57
COSVMT
COSVMT = co(n)sum(p)t(um) = destroyed/ ruined (unconventional abbreviation; no need to memorise)
58
CVR
CVR = cur(ante/ -ibus) = under the charge of
59
CVRARVNT
CVRARVNT = cura(ve)runt = they have ordered/ caused to be done
60
C V S N
C V S N = C(ivitas) U(lpia) S(ueborum) N(icretum)
61
D
D = D(omitiana) or D(omitianae) = of Domitian (epithet in nominative or genitive)
62
DAC
DAC = Dac(icus) (victor over the Dacians)
63
DD
DD = d(ecreto) d(ecurionum) = on the decision of the town council
64
DD NN
DD NN = d(omini) n(ostri) = our lords (late antique imperial title, see ‘D N’)
65
DEC
DEC = dec(urio) = a member of the town council
66
DESIG
DESIG = design(natus) = designate
67
DIE
DIE = die(s) or die(bus) = day/ days (nominative or ablative)
68
DIS DEABVSQUE OMNIB
DIS DEABVSQUE OMNIB = d(e)is deabusque omnib(us) = to all gods and godesses
69
D M
D M = D(is) M(anibus) = to the souls of the departed
70
D M S
D M S = D(is) M(anibus) s(acrum) = sacred to the souls of the departed
71
D N
D N = d(ominus) n(oster) = our lord (late antique imperial title)
72
D S I M
D S I M = D(eo) S(oli) I(nvicto) M(ithrae) = to the invincible sun god Mithras
73
D S M
D S M = D(is) s(acrum) M(anibus) = sacred to the souls of the departed
74
DVLCISSIME
DVLCISSIME = dulcissim(a)e, see dulcissima
75
DVPL
DVPL = dupl(icarius) (soldier on double pay)
76
E
E = E(merita) or E(meritensis) = Emerita or of Emerita
77
EFFECT
EFFECT = effect(us) or effect(o) = past participle of efficere = to construct
78
EMER
EMER = Emer(ita) or Emer(itensis) = Emerita or of
Emerita
79
EQ
EQ = eq(ues) = horseman/ cavalryman
80
EQES
EQES = eq(u)es = horseman/ cavalryman
81
E T
E T = e(x) t(estamento) = in accordance with his/her
will
82
F
F = f(ecit) or f(ecerunt) = he/ she/ it/ they made (this)
or f(elix), f(elicis) or f(elicium) = happy/ fortunate/
prosperous of the happy/ fortunate/ prosperous or
f(ilia), f(iliae), f(ilius) or f(ilii) = daughter, daughters,
son or sons of (sometimes omitted) or f(idus/ -a/ -um) =
loyal or f(idelis) = trusty or F(lavia) or F(laviae) = the
Flavian (epithet in nominative or genitive)
83
FAB
FAB = Fab(ia tribu) = of the Fabia voting district
84
F C
F C = f(aciendum) c(uravit) = he/ she had set this up or f(aciendum) c(uraveruntt) = they had set this up
85
FEB
FEB = Feb(ruarius) = February
86
FEC
FEC = fec(it) or fec(erunt) = he/ she/ it/ they made (this)
87
FEL
FEL = fel(ix), fel(icis) or fel(icium) = happy/ fortunate/ prosperous/ of the happy/ fortunate/ prosperous
88
FIL
FIL = fil(ia), fil(iae), fil(ius) or fil(ii) = daughter, daughters, son or sons of
89
FL
FL = Fl(avius)
90
FOR
FOR = For(um)
91
FORT
FORT = fort(issimus) = the most powerful
92
FRAT
FRAT = Frat(er) = the/his/her brother
93
G
G = G(enius) (minor deity)
94
GAL
GAL = Gal(eria tribu) = of the Galeria voting district
95
GEM
GEM = Gem(ina) (twin/ twin-born, epithet of the
Fourteenth Legion)
96
GER
GER = Ger(manicus) (victor over the Germans)
97
GERM
GERM = Germ(anicus) (victor over the Germans) or Germ(ani) = the Germans or Germ(anus) = a German or (Germ)anorum = of the Germans
98
GERM SVP
GERM SVP = Germ(ania) Sup(erior) or Germ(ania) Sup(eriore) = Upper Germany (province) or from Upper Germany
99
HE
HE = he(res) = the/ his/ her heir
100
HEL
HEL = Hel(vetius) = a Helvitian
101
HER
HER = her(es) = the/ his/ her heir
102
HERACL
HERACL = Heracl(ea)
103
HERC
HERC = Herc(ules)
104
H S E
H S E = h(ic) s(itus) e(st) = (he/ she) lies here
105
I
I = 1 or prima = the first or I(ulia) = Julian (honorary
epithet)
106
IAN
IAN = Ian(uarius) = January
107
II VIR
II VIR = ‘duovir’ or ‘duovir(i)’ (two men with the responsibilities of a mayor)
108
IIII VIR
IIII VIR = ‘quattuorvir’ or ‘quattuorvir(i)’ (board of four men with the responsibilities of a mayor or a member of this board)
109
I H D D
I H D D = i(n) h(onorem) d(omus) d(ivinae) = in honour of the Divine House [of the emperor]
110
IMP
IMP = imp(erator) (imperial title; can also denote the number of imperatorial acclamations, especially if followed by a number, thus being very useful for precise dating of coins or inscriptions)
111
IMBRIB
IMBRIB = imbrib(us) = through rain
112
IMPENS SVA
IMPENS SVA = impens(a) sua = at his own expense
113
IN H D D
IN H D D = in h(onorem) d(omus) d(ivinae) = in honour of the Divine House [of the emperor]
114
INTVS
INTVS = in(vic)tus = invincible (unusual abbreviation; no need to remember)
115
INV
INV = inv(ictus) = invincible
116
I O M
I O M = I(ovi) O(ptimo) M(aximo) = to Jupiter, the best and the greatest
117
I S M R
I S M R= I(unoni) S(ospitae) M(atri) R(eginae) = to Juno, the saviour, mother and queen (ancient cult at Lanuvium)
118
ITER
ITER = iter = the way or iter(um) = for a second time
119
IVL
IVL = Iul(ius) (family name)
120
K
K = K(alendae) = Calends (first day of the month)
121
KAL
KAL = Kal(endae) = Calends (first day of the month)
122
KASTEL
KASTEL = kastel(lum) = fort
123
L
L = l(euga) or l(eugae) (1.5 Roman miles or c. 2.2 km) or l(iberta), l(ibertae), l(ibertus) or l(iberti) = freedwoman, freedwomen, freedman or freedmen or L(ucius) (first name) or 50
124
LAPIDI
LAPIDI = lapidi(bus) = stone/ of stone (adjective in ablative plural)
125
LEG
LEG = Leg(io) = Legion
126
LEG AVG PR[O] PR
LEG AVG PR[O] PR = leg(atus) Aug(usti) pr(o) pr(aetore) (governor of an imperial province with one or more legion(s))
127
LEM
LEM = Lem(onia tribu) = of the Lemonia voting district
128
LIB
LIB = lib(erta), lib(ertae), lib(ertus) or lib(erti) = freedwoman, freedwomen, freedman or freedmen
129
L L M
L L M= l(aetus) l(ibens) m(erito) = gladly, willingly and deservedly
130
LOP
LOP = Lop(odunum)
131
LVC
LVC = Luc(a)
132
M
M = M(arcus) (first name) or m(ensis)/ m(enses)/ m(ensibus) = month/ months or m(iles) = soldier or M(inervia) (epithet of the first legion)
133
MACERIEM
MACERIEM = maceri{e}(a)m = the/ a wall
134
MAR
MAR = Mar(cus) (first name)
135
MARIE
MARIE = Mari(a)e
136
MART
MART = Mart(ius) = March
137
MATRONIS AVFANIB
MATRONIS AVFANIB = Matronis Aufanib(us) = to the Matronae Aufaniae
138
MAX // MAXIM
MAX = max(imus) = the greatest
139
MAXVM
MAXVM = maxumus = maximus = the greatest
140
M D I M
M D I M = M(ater) d(eum) m(agna) I(daea) = the
Great Mother of Gods from Mount Ida
141
MED
MED = Med(icus) or Med(ici) = the victor(s) over the Medes
142
MES
MES = Mes(sius) or Mes(sia) (family name)
143
METR
METR = Metr(opolis) = a/the metropolis or of a/the metropolis (an honorary title for a high-status city)
144
MIL
MIL = mil(es) = a soldier or mil(iaria) = the milestones
145
MONT CAVCASV
MONT CAVCASV = Mont(em) Caucasu(m) = the Caucasus Mountain (accusative)
146
MVNICIPI
MVNICIPI = Municipi(um) = a Roman town of lower status than a Colonia
147
M P
M P = m(ille) p(assuum) = a Roman mile (just under 1.5 km) or m(illia) p(assuum) = Roman miles
148
N
N = n(epos) or n(epotis) or n(epoti) = the grandson (nominative) or of the grandson (genitive) or to the grandson (dative)
149
NEP
NEP = nep(os) or nep(otis) or nep(oti) = the grandson (nominative) or of the grandson (genitive) or to the grandson (dative)
150
NEPOT
NEPOT = nepot(is) or nepot(i) = of the grandson (genitive) or to the grandson (dative)
151
NER
NER = Ner(va) (name of emperor, AD 96-98)
152
OP
OP = op(timus) or op(timo) = the best or to the best
153
P
P = p(ecunia) = money or p(ondo libris) = weighing ... Roman pounds (327 g) or p(osuit) = he/ she/ it set this up or p(osuerunt) = they set this up or P(ublius) (first name) or p(ius/ -a/ -um) = pious/ devout
154
PAL
PAL = Pal(atina tribu) = of the Palatine voting district
155
PAP
PAP = Pap(iria tribu) = of the Papiria voting district
156
PART
PART = Part(hicus) or Part(hici) = victor(s) over the Parthians
157
PER
PER = per(petuus/ -a/ -um/ etc.) = in perpetuity; see also under per below
158
PERTI
PERTI = Perti(nax) (imperial name)
159
P F
P F = p(ia) f(idelis) = pious and fortunate (epithet) or p(ius) f(elix) (imperial titles: pious and fortunate)
160
P M
P M = p(ontifex) m(aximus) (high priest)
160
P M S
P M S = P(rovincia) M(oesia) S(uperior)
161
POL
POL = Pol(lia) (a voting district)
162
PONT MAX
PONT MAX = pont(ifex) max(imus) (high priest)
163
POS
POS = pos(uit) = he/ she/ it set this up
164
POSIT
POSIT = pos(u)it (unconventional abbreviation) = he/ she/ it set this up
165
POST SVMMERSAMM
POST SVMMERSAMM = perhaps: post summersam (navicula)m?= after his boat had sunk (refers in any case to the sinking of a vessel)
166
POSV
POSV = posu(it) = he/ she/ it set this up
167
P P
P P = p(ater) p(atriae) = father of the fatherland (imperial title)
168
PR
PR = pr(imigenius), pr(imigenia) or pr(imigenium) = the first/ favourite
169
P R
P R = p(opuli) R(omani) = of the Roman people or
PRINC IVVENT = princ(eps) iuvent(utis)
170
PRINC IVVENT
PRINC IVVENT = princ(eps) iuvent(utis)
171
PROC
PROC = proc(urator / -es) (governors of some imperial province without a legionary garrison; the procuratores fulfilled also a range of other administrative functions)
172
PROCOS
PROCOS = proco(n)s(ul)
173
PRONEP
PRONEP = pronep(os) = the great-grandson
174
PRO SE ET SV
PRO SE ET SV = pro se et su(is) = for himself/ herself and his/ her family/ friends
175
Q
Q = Q(uintus) (name) or q(ue) = and QVI = Qui(ntus) (name)
176
QVI
QVI = Qui(ntus) (name)
177
QVINQ
QVINQ = quinq(uennalis) = quinquennial = every five years (particularly prestigious term of office for the IIviri and the IIIIviri)
178
RECEPT
RECEPT = recept(us)/ (-a)/ (-um) = recovered
179
RESTITVER
RESTITVER = restituer(unt) = they restored/ rebuilt
180
RHOD
RHOD = Rhod(anicus)/ (-a)/ (-um) = on the Rhône/ relating to the Rhône
181
RHODANICOR
RHODANICOR = Rhodanicor(um) = (genitive plural of Rhodanicus): on the Rhône/ relating to the Rhône
182
ROM
ROM = Rom(a)
183
R P
R P = r(es) p(ublica) = community
184
S
S = s(emis) = half or S(extus) (first name) or s(olvit) or s(olverunt) = he/ she/ it/ they fulfilled or S(purius) (first name)
185
SACERD
SACERD = Sacerd(os) = priest
186
SACR
SACR = sacr(um) = sacred to
187
SAR
SAR = Sar(maticus) (victor over the Sarmatians)
188
SARMAT
SARMAT = Sarmat(icus) (victor over the Sarmatians)
189
S C
S C = s(enatus) c(onsultum) = decision of the senate (occurs exclusively base metal coins; no longer used after the 3rd century AD)
190
SCVLTOR
SCVLTOR = scul(p)tor = a stone-cutter/sculptor
191
SECVS MONT CAVCASV
SECVS MONT CAVCASV = secus Mont(em) Caucasu(m) = next to the Caucasus Mountain
192
SEPT
SEPT = Sept(imius) (family name)
193
SER
SER = ser(vus) = a/ the slave
194
SERENI
SERENI = Sereni(us) (name)
195
S P Q R
S P Q R = S(enatus) P(opulus)q(ue) R(omanus) = the Roman senate and people
196
ST
ST = st(ipendiorum) = years of service
197
STIP
STIP = stip(endiorum) = years of service
198
S T T L
S T T L = s(it) t(ibi) t(erra) l(evis) = may the earth lie lightly on you
199
SVA P
SVA P = sua p(ecunia) = from his/ her/ its/ their own money
200
SVI
SVI = sui(s) = for/ to his/ her family/ friends
201
T
T = T(itus) (first name)
202
TAR
TAR = Tar(venna)
203
TASG
TASG = Tasg(aetiensis/ -es) = from/ of Tasgaetium
204
TEMP
TEMP = temp(orum) = of the times
205
THRAC
THRAC = Thrac(um) = of Thracians
206
TI // TIB
TI = Ti(berius) (first name and name of emperor, AD 14-37)
207
TR
TR = tr(iumphator/ -es/ etc.) = triumpher/ conqueror/ one who triumphs
208
TRIB
TRIB = trib(unus) = tribune (commander of a cohors or legionary officer)
209
TRIB POT
TRIB POT = tr(ibunicia) p(otestas) or trib(uniciae) pot(estatis) = tribunician power (annually renewed and counted, thus being very useful for precise dating of coins or inscriptions) or in the ... year of his tribunician power
210
TRI POTEST // TR P
TRI POTEST = tri(bunicia) potest(as)
211
TVR
TVR = tur(ma) = turma (cavalry unit of 32 men)
212
V
V = V(iennensis) = of Vienna [in Gaul]; v(otum) = the vow or 5
V = 5,000
213
VAL
VAL = Val(erius) (family name)
214
VARDVL
VARDVL = Vardul(li/ -orum) = the Vardulli/ of the Vardulli
215
V C
V C = v(ir) c(arissimus) (man of senatorial rank)
216
V E
V E = v(ir) e(gregius) = ‘illustrious man’ (title of procuratores and other officials of equestrian rank from the late 2nd c. onwards)
217
VESP
VESP = Vesp(asianus) (name of emperor, AD 69-79)
218
VET
VET = vet(eranus) = veteran or vet(us) = old
219
VETERAN
VETERAN = veteran(us) = veteran
220
VIC
VIC = vic(ani) = villagers
221
VIVS
VIVS = viv(u)s = while alive
222
VIM
VIM = Vim(inacium)
223
VIX
VIX = vix(it) = he/ she/ it lived
224
VOLTIN
VOLTIN = Voltin(ia tribu) = of the Voltinia voting district
225
V S L M
V S L M = v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito) or v(otum) s(olverunt) l(ibens) m(erito) = he/ she/ it/ they willingly and deservedly fulfilled his/ her/ its/ their vow
226
V S L L M
V S L L M= (votum) s(olvit) l(aetus) l(ibens) m(erito) or v(otum) s(olverunt) l(aetus) l(ibens) m(erito) = he/ she/ it/ they gladly, willingly and deservedly fulfilled his/ her/ its/ their vow
227
X
X = 10
228
> (backwards C)
> = c(enturia) = the century (infantry unit of c. 80, nominally 100 men) or c(enturio) = centurion (commander of a century)
229
∞
∞ = milliaria = ‘a thousand men strong’ (term employed for alae and cohortes of c. 800-1,000 men)
