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Year 2 Clinical skills > Abdo > Flashcards

Abdo Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

pain originating in umbilicus and migrating to Right iliac fossa

A

Appendicitis

pain in Right iliac fossa

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2
Q

what does an AAA feel like on examination?

A

pulsatile and expansile

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3
Q

where does a UT stone never present?

where does it commonly present?

A

bladder
pain in flank region

across the sacroiliac joint
The pelvic-ureteric junction
Vesicoureteric junction

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4
Q

liver cirrhosis examination signs?

A

Guarding
Hepatomegaly on palpation and percussion
Jaundice on inspection

Shifting dullness to percussion

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5
Q

subcostal plane

A

level of 10th costal margin and vertebra body L3

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6
Q

intertubecular line

A

L5

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7
Q

aorta bifurcates?

A

L4

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8
Q

oesophageal hiatus?

A

T10

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9
Q

IVC

A

t8

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10
Q

aortic haitus - 12 letters

A

t12

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11
Q

retroperitoneal space?

SAD PUCKER

A 
suprarenal glands
aorta/IVC
duodenum [except proximal 2cm]
pancreas [ only head]
ureters 
colon [ascending/ descending]
kidneys
oesophagus 
rectum
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12
Q

referred shoulder pain?

A

gallbladder/liver , irritation of diaphragm = shoulder pain

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13
Q

quadrants of stomach

A

9:R- hypochondrium, epigastric, L hypochondrium
R flank, Umbilical, L flank
R iliac, hypogastrium, L iliac

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14
Q

Distended and everted umbilicus?

A

umbilical hernia

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15
Q

deep palpitation

A

upper hand (usually the left hand) is used to exert pressure, while the lower hand is used to feel the organs or masses much deeper in the abdominal cavity

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16
Q

tenderness with minimum pressure?

A

peritonitis if over a wide area

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17
Q

voluntary guarding

A

if palpitation causes pain the abdominal wall contracts voluntarily - so this

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18
Q

rigidity?

A

inflammation of parietal peritoneum > reflex contraction

no movement on respiration
board like rigidity to stomach

involuntary guarding

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19
Q

rebound tenderness?

A

pain on removal of pressure/hand

indicative of peritonitis

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20
Q

auscultation
tinkling
high pitched and frequent

A

early sign of small bowel obstruction

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21
Q

no bowel sounds?

A

rupture/ strangulation > necrosis of bowel tissue

ischemia

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22
Q

paralytic ileus

Study These Flashcards
A

no bowel sounds

23
Q

vascular bruits

Bruits are _____ created by ___ blood flow in an ___ affected by ______ or _____

Study These Flashcards
A

Bruits are abnormal sounds created by turbulent blood flow in an artery affected by aneurysm or obstruction

24
Q

where to listen to bruits?

Study These Flashcards
A

Abdominal aorta– just above and left of the umbilicus

Superior mesenteric or coeliac arteries – epigastrium

Renal arteries - 2- 3 cm super and lateral to the umbilicus

Liver tumours – over the liver

Iliac arteries – in the iliac fossa.

25
the liver moves __ _____ in _____
The liver moves with the diaphragm in respiration
26
SM liver
superior border follows diaphragm - R 5th rib at the MCL extends across to inferior sternum to the L 5th Intercostal space at the MCL inferior border costal margin R mid axillary line through to tip of the r 9th costal Cartilage > tip of L 8th CC > L 5th ICS in MCL
27
is the liver palpate-able?
no in healthy adults yes in children - 16yrs as extends below costal margin
28
palpating liver in children why possible?
yes in children - 16yrs as extends below costal margin 1-3.5 cm
29
cholelithiasis
gallstones
30
SM gallbladder
where the MCL meets the transpyloric plane at tip of right 9th CC this is where the lateral border of the rectus abdominis cross the costal margin
31
SM spleen
lateral borders of left erector spinae muscles and left MAL lies along medial surfaces of 9th, 10th and 11th ribs separated from rib cage by diaphragm costodiaphragmatic and recess
32
hwo much does spleen have to enlarge before it becomes palpable ?
3/4 times
33
transpyloric plane
L1 - 9 CC
34
supracristal
most superior part of iliac crest - L4
35
how much does spleen have to enlarge before it becomes palpable ?
3/4 times
36
L4
iliac crest
37
shifting dullness
percuss from midline to flank [towards self] midline should be tympanic / resonant and flanks dull if when turned away from you- so lying on side they flank becomes resonant = shifting dullness = ascites area of dullness becomes resonant = ascites are present
38
shifting dullness | how long do you wait?
percuss from midline to flank [towards self] midline should be tympanic / resonant and flanks dull 30 seconds if when turned away from you- so lying on side they flank becomes resonant = shifting dullness = ascites area of dullness becomes resonant = ascites are present
39
t12 posteriorly marked how?
half way between the inferior angle of the scapula and the highest point of the iliac crest at the scapular line
40
kidney sm
T12 then 1 vertebral level down to get L1 kidneys should be in this plane 3-4cm from Supracristal plane 4-5cm hilum to PM line
41
what other way to test ascites?
thrills
42
bruits suggest?
stenosis- renal iliac tumour-liver over aorta : AAA
43
bruits suggest?
stenosis- renal iliac tumour-liver over aorta : AAA
44
balloting kidneys
deep breaths to capture kidneys
45
AAA how much dilation? | presentation
``` 1.5 ab pain back pain decision to operate is based on size 5.5cm or more back/flank pain hypotension and pulsatile and expansi;e ```
46
pancreatitis presentation
can you eat? anorexia epigastric pain radiates to back raised amylase/lipase
47
cause of pancreatitis?
perforated duodenal ulcer
48
grey turner sign?
bruising in flanks | haemorrhagic pancreatitis
49
cullens sign
umbilicus bruising | haemorrhagic pancreatitis
50
caput medusae?
paraumbilical veins | portal hypertension
51
causes of hepatomegaly
hepatitis | hemolytic anaemia
52
causes of splenomegaly
hemolytic anaemia portal hypertension congestive HF
53
kidney enlargement causes
polycystic kidney disease

Year 2 Clinical skills (6 decks)

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