Abdo High Yield

Question 1

Answer 1

spider naevi

Question 2

Answer 2

striae

Question 3

Hepatomegaly causes

Answer 3

HCC, Hepatitis, RVF, leukaemia / lymphoma, fatty liver, alcoholic liver disease

Question 4

Splenomegaly causes

Answer 4

lymphoma/leukaemia, myelofibrosis, myeloproliferative disorders, portal HTN, extravascular haemolysis, malaria/EBV

Question 5

clinical signs of decompensated CLD

Answer 5

Jaundice, ascites, hepatomegaly or splenomegaly, spider naevi, palmar erythema, gynaecomastia, caput medusae (dilated veins), encephalopathy, bleeding tendencies (e.g., bruising, petechiae).

Question 6

Palpable kidney differentials

Answer 6

Question 7

Complications of stoma formation

Answer 7

Question 8

Most common pathologies requiring a renal transplant

Answer 8

Question 9

Name, describe, and list indications for each of the 3 types of colostomy:

Answer 9

Question 10

Mx of CLD?

Answer 10

Question 11

transplanted kidney signs

Answer 11

Question 12

PCKD signs

Answer 12

Question 13

liver transplant signs

Answer 13

Question 14

combined kidney-pancreas transplant

Answer 14

Question 15

extra-renal signs of PCKD

Answer 15

Cysts in the liver, pancreas, and spleen.
Aneurysms (especially cerebral).
Cardiac valve abnormalities (e.g., mitral valve prolapse).
Abdominal hernias

Question 16

mx of PCKD

Answer 16

Blood pressure control (ACE inhibitors/ARBs).
Pain management.
Treat infections (e.g., UTIs).
Dialysis or renal transplant in end-stage renal disease.

Question 17

Conditions causing secondary polycythaemia

Answer 17

Question 18

main ways to prevent graft rejection after renal transplant

Answer 18

Question 19

Answer 19

renal transplant, AV fistula, PD scars

Question 20

Answer 20

PD, tenckhoff catheter

Question 21

sx of end-stage kidney disease

Answer 21

Question 22

main indications for RRT in kidney disease

Answer 22

Question 23

Complications of CKD

Answer 23

Question 24

What are the options available to patients with end-stage CKD?

Answer 24

Question 25

types of inguinal and femoral hernias

Answer 25

Question 26

complications of RRT

Answer 26

Question 27

CKD ix

Answer 27

Question 28

How long does it take for an AV fistula to become patent?

Answer 28

6-12 weeks until suitable for use in haemodialysis

Question 29

complications of AV fistula

Answer 29

Question 30

special instructions for pt w/new AV fistula

Answer 30

Question 31

advantages of AV fistula over CVC

Answer 31

Question 32

average lifespan of renal graft

Answer 32

Question 33

early and late stoma complications

Answer 33

Question 34

hernia mesh repair complications

Answer 34

Question 35

CLD common causes

Answer 35

Alcohol Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Viral hepatitides Autoimmune (e.g. autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis) Metabolic (e.g. haemochromatosis)

Question 36

CLD Ix

Answer 36

Question 37

long-term mx of CLD

Answer 37

Question 38

abdo causes of clubbing

Answer 38

coeliac disease cirrhosis crohn's UC