Abdomen

Question 0

What is Gerotas fascia?

Answer 0

Layer of connective tissue that encapsulates kidney and adrenal gland

Question 1

Where do the renal arteries lie?

Answer 1

Behind the renal vein

Question 2

What facial layer is behind ascending colon?

Answer 2

Gerotas fascia

Question 3

What is the superficial fatty layer abdomen?

Answer 3

Campers facia

Question 4

What is the deep membranous layer?

Answer 4

Scarpas facia

Question 5

Boundaries of inguinal canal?

Answer 5

1. Anterior wall - external oblique aponeurosis
2. Roof - internal oblique, transverse abdominus
3. Posterior wall - transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon, parietal peritoneum
4. Floor - inguinal ligament

Question 6

What is calots triangle bound by?

Answer 6

Lies between 
1. Inferior border of liver
2. Cystic duct
3. Common hepatic duct
Usually contains cystic artery

Question 7

What is another name for the left colic flexure?

Answer 7

Left splenic flexure

Question 8

What is the left colic flexure?

Answer 8

It is the part where the colon takes a sharp downward turn

The point where the transverse colon ends and the descending colon begins

Question 9

What is the ligament of treitz?

Answer 9

The suspensory ligament of the duodenum

Question 10

What is the ligament of treitz derived from?

Answer 10

Right crux of the diaphragm

Question 11

What does the ligament of trietz do?

Answer 11

It suspends the 4th part of the duodenum from the posterior abdominal wall

Question 12

Where is the midpoint of the inguinal ligament?

Answer 12

Half way between ASIS and pubic tubercle

Surface landmark for deep inguinal ring, lies lateral to mid inguinal point

Question 13

What is the mid inguinal point?

Answer 13

Half way between the ASIS and symphysis pubis

Surface mark for femoral pulse

Question 14

Blood supply to the sigmoid colon?

Answer 14

IMA - L3

Question 15

Visible landmark for the superficial inguinal ring

Answer 15

Intercrural fibres that run at right angles across external oblique aponeurosis

Question 16

What does the IMV drain

Answer 16

Abdominal viscera originating from the embryological hind gut

Question 17

Where does the IVC begin?

Answer 17

L5

Runs on the right side of the aorta

Question 18

At which level does the IVC piece diaphragm

Answer 18

T8

Question 19

Borders of epiploic foramen

Answer 19

Anterior - free border of lesser omentum - hepatoduodenal ligament
Posterior - peritoneum covering IVC
Superior - peritoneum covering caudate love of liver
Inferior - peritoneum covering commencement of duodenum and hepatic artery
Left lateral - gastrosplenic ligament and splenorenal ligament

Question 20

Major openings in the diaphragm

Answer 20

1. T8 - inferior vena cava and branches of the right phrenic nerve
2. T10- oesophagus
3. T12- aorta, azygous vein and thoracic duct

Question 21

Deep inguinal ring

Answer 21

1.5 cm above the midpoint of the inguinal ligament

Question 22

Lesser omentum

Answer 22

1. Right and left gastric arteries
2. The Free edge of the lesser omentum is attached to the first 2 cm of the first part of the duodenum below and the fissure of the ligamentum venosum above
3. The common hepatic duct is joined by the cystic duct to form the common bile duct in the free edge of the lesser omentum

Question 23

The descending part of the duodenum

Answer 23

1. Second part
2. Descends vertically
3. Directly anterior to the Hilum of right kidney
4. Common bile duct drains into the descending duodenum

Question 24

Mesentery of small bowel

Answer 24

1. Veins in the mesenteries are all tributaries of the portal system 2. Root of the small-bowel mesentery extends from a point to the left of the L2 vertebra at the duodeno- jejunal junction down to the right sacroiliac joint

Question 25

Superior mesenteric artery

Answer 25

Supplies the midgut | 1. Large bowel as far as the distal transverse colon

Question 26

Transpyloric plane

Answer 26

1. Inferior border of L1 2. Pylorus of stomach 3. Anterior parts of the 9th costal cartilages 4. Duodenojejunal junction 5. Head, neck and body of pancreas 6. Renal hila

Question 27

Posterior relations of 1st part of duodenum

Answer 27

Portal vein Common bile duct Gastroduodenal artery ( IVC behind this)

Question 28

3rd part of dueodenum

Answer 28

Crosses abdominal aorta | Superior mesenteric vessels anterior to D3