Urogen

Question 0

Narrowest points of male urethra

Answer 0

1. Membranous urethra - External urethral orifice
2. Bladder neck
3. just proximal to navicular fossa

Question 1

Anatomical relations of vagina - posterior

Answer 1

1. Pouch of Douglas
2. Rectum
3. Perineal body
4. Anal canal

Question 2

Superior relations of the bladder

Answer 2

Apex joined to anterior abdominal wall - median umbilical ligament
Covered by peritoneum
Related to colis of ileum or sigmoid colon

Question 3

Blood supply to bladder

Answer 3

1. Superior vesical artery
2. Inferior vesical artery
   (Both from internal iliac)

Question 4

Parts of male urethra

Answer 4

1. Prostatic urethra - widest lumen, bounded by internal and external urethral sphincter
2. Membranous urethra - 2cm pierces urogenital diaphragm, pelvic #
3. Bulbar urethra - straddle injuries, takes a 90degree angle
4. Penile urethra - spongy part, travels through corpus spongiosum

Question 5

Pelvic diaphragm

Answer 5

Separates the perineum from pelvic cavity

1. Levator ani
2. Coccygeus (s4,s5)

Question 6

Nerve supply to clitorus

Answer 6

Internal pudendal nerve

Question 7

Anatomical relations of the vagina - anterior

Answer 7

1. Uterine cervix
2. Base of bladder
3. Urethra

Question 8

Lateral relations of vagina

Answer 8

1. Ureter

2. Pelvic diaphragm

Question 9

Venous drainage of vagina

Answer 9

Internal iliac

Question 10

Lymphatic drainage of vagina

Answer 10

Upper 1/3rd - internal and external iliac LN

Lower 2/3rd - superficial inguinal nodes

Question 11

Lymphatic drainage of external genitalia

Answer 11

Superficial inguinal LN

Question 12

Lymphatic drainage of scrotum

Answer 12

Inguinal LN

Lumbar nodes

Question 13

Blood supply of testis

Answer 13

Testicular artery - directly from abdominal aorta (follows embryological decent of testis down the posterior abdominal wall in to deep ring and through the inguinal canal and out via the superficial ring in to the scrotum

Question 14

Layers of scrotum

Answer 14

1. Skin
2. Superficial fascia
3. Spermatic fascia
4. Tunica vaginalis
5. Capsule - tunica albuginea

Question 15

Superficial fascia of scrotum

Answer 15

1. Deep layer - colles fascia - continuous with scarpas fascia
2. Contains dartos muscle
3. Posteriorly attached to perineal body and posterior edge of perineal membrane

Question 16

Spermatic fascia

Answer 16

1. External spermatic fascia - external oblique
2. Cremasteric fascia - internal oblique - genital branch of Genitofemoral nerve (cremasteric reflex)
3. Internal spermatic facia - transversalis fascia

Question 17

Tunica vaginalis

Answer 17

Originally an invagination of peritoneal cavity

Becomes shut off from the processes vaginalis as it closes just before birth

Question 18

Tunica albuginea

Answer 18

Surrounds each testis

Fibrous septa extend inwards and divide testis in to lobules

Question 19

Anterior relations to right ureter

Answer 19

1. Terminal ileum
2. Caecum
3. Appendix
4. Ascending colon
   At its origin usually covered by descending part of duodenum
   On its course lies to the right of IVC

Question 20

Anterior relations of left ureter

Answer 20

1. Descending colon
2. Sigmoid
3. Lies behind sigmoid mesocolon as it enters the pelvis
   Crossed Medially to laterally by gonadal vessels

Question 21

Female ureter

Answer 21

1. Crossed anteriorly by uterine arteries

2. Closely related to cervix

Question 22

Male ureter

Answer 22

Within the pelvis the vas deference crosses anterior to ureter just before it enters the bladder

Question 23

Posterior relations of ureter

Answer 23

1. Psoas

2. Cross bifurcation of common iliac artery

Question 24

Narrowings of the ureter

Answer 24

1. Pelviuriteric junction 2. Bifurcation of the iliac vessels where ureters enter the pelvic 3. Vesicoureteric junction

Question 25

Blood supply to the ureter

Answer 25

1. Upper third - renal artery and vein 2. Middle third - gonadal artery and vein 3. Lower third - superior vesical artery and vein

Question 26

Lymphatic drainage of ureter

Answer 26

1. Para aortic LN | 2. Pelvic LN

Question 27

Innervation of ureter

Answer 27

Sympathetic T10 - L2 | Parasympathetic S2 - S4

Question 28

Vas deferens

Answer 28

Arises in continuity with tail of epididymis Passes superomedially though scrotum and though the inguinal canal to the deep ring and abdominal cavity As it enters the abdomen it hooks around the inferior epigastric artery It crosses the ureter at the level if the ischial spine and passes infero Medially on the posterior surface of the bladder towards the seminal vesicle

Question 29

Right and left crura

Answer 29

Covered in its outer surface by ischiocavernosus muscle Attached to inferior pubic rami and perineal membrane Continues anteriorly as corpora cavernosa Surrounded by Tunica albuginea

Question 30

Bulb

Answer 30

Attached to the centre of the peroneal membrane and surrounded by bulbo spongiosis muscle Forward continuation of bulb corpus spongiosum which surrounds Penile urethra

Question 31

Arterial supply penis

Answer 31

Common Penile artery a terminal branch of internal pudendal artery

Question 32

Venous drainage of penis

Answer 32

Dorsal vein of penis to prostatic venous plexus

Question 33

Nerves supply to penis

Answer 33

Pudendal nerve

Question 34

Lymphatic drainage of the penis

Answer 34

Inguinal nodes | Iliac lymph nodes

Question 35

Where does the ureter enter the bladder?

Answer 35

Upper lateral aspect of the base of bladder

Question 36

Ureter

Answer 36

25-35cm Transitional epithelium Retroperitoneal overlying TP L2-5 Anterior to bifurcation of iliac vessels

Question 37

Lymphatic drainage of cervix

Answer 37

Internal and external iliac LN