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Anatomy > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

what are the borders of the abdomen

A

roof= diaphragm
floor= none- continuous with pelvic cavity
abdominal contents= fixed but considerable vartion

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2
Q

what are the subdivision of the abdominal wall

A
  • anterior abdominal wall
  • right lateral wall
  • left lateral wall
  • posterior wall
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3
Q

what does you call the anterior and lateral walls

A

anterolateral walls

– this is because they do not have specific boundaries

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4
Q

what are the boundaries of the anterolateral wall

A 
superior= right and left costal margina
inferior= inginal ligament
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5
Q

what is the inginal ligament

A

a lien connecting each anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle/spine ( close to pubic symphysis )

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6
Q

what is the alba

A

divides the anterior abdominal wall into right and left

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7
Q

what is the linea semilunaris

A

cured line or groove from the 9th costal cartilage to the pubic tubercle

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8
Q

what are the abdominal wall layers

A 
skin
superficial fascia
muscles
deep fascia
subserous fascia 
parietal peritoneum
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9
Q

what is the superficial fascia

A

this is where you will find the fat and can be very thick in this area of the body. which contains subcutaneous fasica

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10
Q

what is subserous fascia

A

also called visceral fascia

-layer of loose connective tissue that hold the peritoneum to the deep fascai of abdominal wall

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11
Q

what is parietal peritoneum

A

this is serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

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12
Q

what fascia can be found above the umbilicus

A

superficial subcutaneous fascia and it is only a single layer of connective tissue with a variable amount of fat

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13
Q

what fascia can be found below the umbilicus

A

the superficial subcutaneous fascia is divided into 2 layers

  • a fatty superficial layer
  • deep membranous layer
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14
Q

what is the fatty superficial subcutaneous layer

A

this is called campers fascia

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15
Q

what is the deep membranous layer

A

scarpa’s fascia

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16
Q

what is the divers analogiy

A

superficial layer = skin divers suit w/ 1/2 of swim trunks
divers suit=campers fasica
1/2 pair of swim trunks= scarpa fascia
skin= deep fasica

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17
Q

what does the deep membranous layer do

A

reinforces the superficial fascia with collagen and elastic fibers

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18
Q

what is the deep fascia

A

this is the skin of the diver
** this is continuous as the other deep fascia in other areas

  • this fascia covers the abdominal muscles of the anterolaeral wall
  • contains endoabdominal fascia (transversalis)
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19
Q

what is endoabdominal fascia

A

a thin layer beneath the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall and parietal peritoneum ( line the wall)

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20
Q

how is the endoabdominla fascia named

A

they are named for according to the muscles or aponeurosis it is lining

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21
Q

what does he endoabdominal fascia separate

A

the deep surfaces for transverse and rectus abdominis from the underlying extraperitoneal fat and peritoneum

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22
Q

what are the flat muscles of the anterolateral wall

A

external oblique
internla oblique
transverse abdomins

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23
Q

what do the flat muscles combine to form

A

a strong sheet of aponuerosis and fuse at the midline the linea alba

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24
Q

what is the straplike vertical muscles of the anterolaeral wall

A

rectus abdominis

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25
Q

what is the rectus abdominis enclosed in

A

rectus sheath and anchored transversly by 3 or more tendinous intersections

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26
Q

what does the tendinous intersections of the rectus abdominis do

A

they aid in forward flexion

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27
Q

what is the pyramindalis

A

this is in 80% of people
–tense the llinea alba
O: pubic symphysis and pubic crest
I: linea alba

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28
Q

what does the inferior margins of the external oblieque m form

A

they form the inguinal ligaments

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29
Q

what happens above the arcuate line

A

internal oblique splits to surround rectus abdominis

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30
Q

what happens below the arcuate line

A

inferior oblique and transverse abdominis combine and pass superficial to rectus abdominis
*rectus abdominis rest directly on transversalis fascia

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31
Q

What is the arcuate line

A

makes the transition form aponeurotic posterior wall to transversalis fascia

  • this is where the inferior epigastric a. pierces rectus abd m.
  • an arched line wher a change in the thickness of the sheath occurs
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32
Q

what is the rectus sheath

A

this acts like plywood

– the different of the muscles directions give it its toughness

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33
Q

what are the nerves of the anterolateral wall formed by

A

anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of lower 5 intercostal nerves T7-T11
and T12 is formed by subcostal n
and the 1st lumbar n.

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34
Q

what are the thoracoabdominal nerves

A

the continuation of lower intercostal n.

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35
Q

what does the thoracoabdominal n. innervate

A

the abdominal m.

T7-12

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36
Q

what does the T7-T9 n supply

A

skin superior and lateral to the umbilicus

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37
Q

what does the T10 n supply

A

skin around the umbilicus

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38
Q

what does the n T11 and T12 supply

A

skin inferior lateral to the umbilicus

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39
Q

what nerve supplies the inferior part of anterior wall

A

1st lumbar n

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40
Q

what are the branches of the 1st lumbar n

A
  • iliohyposgastric n (L1)

- ilioinguinal n ( L1)

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41
Q

what does the iliohyposgastric n (L1) supply

A

skin over theupper inguinal region, iliac crest, hypogatric region

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42
Q

what does the ilioinguinal n ( L1) supply

A

skin over the lower inguinal region, genetalia, the medial aspect of the thigh

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43
Q

how does the cutaneous veins of the anterolateral wall drain

A

1 upward to the thoracoepigastric and lateral thoracic vein

2 downward to the great saphenous vein

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44
Q

what happens with the subcutaneous veins near the umbilics anastomose with

A

they anastomose with the portal vein

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45
Q

wahta re the major arteries of the anterolateral wall

A
  • (2) Internal thoracis a from above

- (2) external iliac a from below

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46
Q

what are the branches of the internal thoracic a

A

from the subclavian

  • superior epigastric a
  • musculophrenic a
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47
Q

what are the branches of the external iliac a

A

from the femoral a.

  • inferior epigastric a
  • deep circumflex iliac a
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48
Q

what are the superior feeds ( arteries ) of the anterolateral wall

A
  • superior epigastric a
  • musculophrenic a
  • 10th and 11th posterior intercostal arteris
  • subcostal artery
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49
Q

where is the musculophrenic a coming from

A

internal thoracis artery

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50
Q

where is the musculophrenic a going

A

superficial and deep abdominal wall, hypochondriac region; anterolateral wall, diaphragm

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51
Q

where is the superior epigastric a coming from

A

continuation of internal thoracic artery

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52
Q

where is the superior epigastric a going

A

rectus abdominis and upper umbilical region

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53
Q

where is the 10th and 11th posterior intercostal arteris coming from

A

from aorta

54
Q

where is the 10th and 11th posterior intercostal arteris going

A

superficial and deep lateral abdominal wall

55
Q

where is the subcostal artery coming from

A

from aorta

56
Q

where is the subcostal artery going

A

superficial and deep lateral abdominal wall

57
Q

what are the inferior feeds ( arteries ) of the anterolateral wall

A
  • inferior epigastric artery
  • deep circumflex iliac artery
  • superficial circumflex iliac artery
  • superficial epigastric artery
58
Q

where is the inferior epigastric artery coming from

A

from external iliac

59
Q

where is the inferior epigastric artery going to

A

rectus abdominis and medial abdominal wall

60
Q

where is the deep circumflex iliac artery coming from

A

from external iliac

61
Q

where is the deep circumflex iliac artery going to

A

iliacus m, inferior anterloateral wall

62
Q

where is the superficial circumflex iliac artery coming from

A

femoral artery

63
Q

where is the superficial circumflex iliac going to

A

abdominla wall of inguinal region and adjacent anterior thigh

64
Q

where is the superficial epigastric artery coming from

A

femoral artery

65
Q

where is the superficial epigastric artery going to

A

skin lower abdominal wall

66
Q

what is the inguinal ligament

A

thickening of aponeurosis of exernal oblique

67
Q

where is the inguinal ligament located

A

from anterior superio iliac spine to pubic tubercle

68
Q

what is the inguinal canal

A

this is about 4 cm long through the inferiro anterio abdominal wall

69
Q

what are the main sturctures of the inguinal canal

A

spermatic cord in males
round ligament of uterus in females
ilioinguinal n. in both

70
Q

where is the inguinal canal open

A

superficial and deep inguinal rings

71
Q

what is the deep ring of the inguinal canal

A

internal entrance to the inguinal canal

72
Q

where can the deep ring of the inguinal canal be found

A

slit in the trnsverse fascia

  • just lateral to the inferior epigastric a.
  • just superior to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament
73
Q

what is superficial ring of the inguinal canal

A

exit from the canal

74
Q

where can the superficial ring of the inguinal canal be found

A

trinagular aperture in the aponeurosis of external oblique

75
Q

what is the posterior wall like

A

this is more dense and more rigid and protective

76
Q

what is the posterior wall composed of

A 
centrally= bodies of lumbar v and IV discs 
lateral= psoas, quadratus lumborum, iliacus, transverse abdominal, oblique 
superior= diaphragm
77
Q

what are the nerves of the lumbar plexus

A
  • obturator n
  • femoral n
  • ilioinguinal
  • iliohypogastric
  • genital brach
  • femoral b.
  • lateral cutaneous n of the thigh
  • the lumbosacral trunk
78
Q

What is the spinal segment of the obturator n

A

L2-4

79
Q

What does the obturator n supply

A

innervates adductor muscles of thigh and skin

80
Q

What is the spinal segment of the femoral n

A

L2-4

81
Q

What does the femoral n supply

A

in abdomen; suppies iliacus

in thigh: nerve of the extensor muscles of knee

82
Q

What is the spinal segment of the iliohypogastric n.

A

L1

83
Q

What does the iliohypogastric n. supply

A

skin of gulteal region

84
Q

What is the spinal segment of the ilioinguinal n.

A

L1

85
Q

What does the ilioinguinal n. supply

A

skin of groin and scrotum or labium majus

86
Q

What is the spinal segment of the genital branch n.

A

L1-L2

87
Q

What does the genital branch n. supply

A

skin of external genitalia in both sexes in males ot cremaster muscle

88
Q

What is the spinal segment of the femoral b. n.

A

L1-L2

89
Q

What does the femoral b. n. supply

A

small area of skin belwo the inguinal ligament

90
Q

What is the spinal segment of the lateral cutaneous n of the thigh

A

L2-3

91
Q

What does the lateral cutaneous n of the thigh supply

A

suppies skin of the latera surface of thigh passes superficial to sartorius m.

92
Q

What is the spinal segment of the lumbosacral trunk n.

A

L4-L5

93
Q

What does the lumbosacral trunk n.supply

A

not a branch of lumbar plexus– connects lumbar and sacral plexuses

94
Q

what are the subcostal a.

A

they are the last branches of thoracic aorta

95
Q

what are the terminal branches of the abdominal aorta

A

internal ilia- enters pelvis

external iliac

96
Q

what are the branches of the external iliac

A
  • inferior epigastric

- deep circumflex iliac

97
Q

what are some other branches of the abdominal aorta

unpaired visceral

A
  • celiac trunk
  • superior mesentreric artery
  • inferior mesenteric artery
98
Q

where does the celiac trunk arise

A

T12

bowels

99
Q

where does the superior mesentreric artery arise

A

L1

middle of intestine

100
Q

where does the inferior mesenterci artery arise

A

L3

101
Q

what are some other branches of the abdominal aorta

paired visceral

A
  • suprarenal arteries
  • renal arteries
  • gonadal arteries
102
Q

where does the suprarenal arteries arise

A

L1

103
Q

where does the renal arteries arise

A

L1

104
Q

where does the gonadal arteries arise

A

L2

offspring

105
Q

what are some other branches of the abdominal aorta

paired parietal

A
  • subcostal arteries
  • inferior phrenic arteries
  • lumbar arteries
106
Q

where does the subcostal arteries arise

A

L1

107
Q

where does the inferior phrenic arteries arise

A

T12

diaphragm

108
Q

where does the lumbar arteries arise

A

L1-4

109
Q

what are some other branches of the abdominal aorta

unpaired parietal

A

median sacral artery

110
Q

what are the veins of the posterior wall

A

tributaries of inferior vena cava ( minus hte testicular or ovarian veins which enter renal veins )

111
Q

how is the inferior vena cav formed

A

junction of the common iliac veins at L5

112
Q

what is the path of the vena cava

A

ascend the posterior wall immediately to the right of the aorta

113
Q

what are the sympathetic splanchnic nerves of the abdominopelvic

A
  • thoracis

- lumbar

114
Q

what is the thoracic splanchnic nn.

A

this is from the abdomiopelvic

  • lower thoracic and abdominopelvic sympathetic trunk
    • greater T5-9 or 10
  • *lesser T10, 11
    • least T12
115
Q

what are the abdominal aortic autonomic plesuses

A
  • celiac plexus
  • intermesenteric plexus
  • superior hypogastrci plexus
  • perivascular plexuses
  • sympathetic trunks
116
Q

where does the greater thoracic splanchnic n go to

A

the T5-9 nn. go to the celiac gaglion near suprarenal glands

117
Q

where does the lesser thoracic splanchnic n go to

A

the T10-11 go to the superior mesenteric ganglion - near the origin of superior mesenteric artery

118
Q

where does the least thoracic splanchnic n go to

A

T12 goes to the aorticorenal ganglion

– postganglionic fiver to abdominal viscera

119
Q

where does the lumbar splanchni nn go to

A

inferior mesenteric ganglion

  • provide pre ganglonic fibers to the above ganglia
  • post ganglionic fibers to pelvic vescera
120
Q

look at slide

A

44

121
Q

what surrounds abdominla aorta and major brnahes

A

the nerve networks with both SNS and PNS which is formed by sumpathetic postganglionic axons and parasymapthetic preganglionic axon and some visceral sensory axons

122
Q

what happens after snapsing in ganglia

A

postgangliionic sns fiver join preganglionic pns fibers to pari arterial plexuses to the viscera

123
Q

what is the autonomic plexes

A
  • celiac plexus
  • intermesenteric plexus
  • superior mesenteric plexus
  • inferior mesenteric plexus
  • superior hypogastric plexus
  • inferiro hypogastric plexus
124
Q

what feed the celiac plexus

A

( greater splanchnic nn. )

125
Q

what feed the intermesenteric plexus

A

(lumbar spalnchnic nn.)

126
Q

what feed the superior mesenteric plexus

A

(lesser splanchnic nn)

127
Q

what feed the inferior mesenteric plexus

A

(lumbar spalnchnic nn.)

128
Q

what feed the superior hypogastric plexus

A

(lumbar spalnchnic nn.)

129
Q

what feed the inferior hypogastric plexus

A

(lumbar spalnchnic nn.)

130
Q

what is in the parasympathetic system

A
  • vagus

- pelvic splanchnic nn.

131
Q

what are the branches of vagus n. of the parasympathetic system

A

Right=posterior vagal trunk

Left=anterior vagal trunk

132
Q

where is the pelvic splanchnic nn. from of the parasympathetic system

A

s2-4 spinal nn.

Anatomy (18 decks)

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