Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Internal Medicine > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

(53 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

No movement with respiration

A

Peritonitis

Paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Visible pulsation

A

Aortic aneurysm

Vascular tumor??

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Visible peristalsis

A

GI obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mass characterization

A 
Site
Size
Shape
Edge
Mobility (with respiration, by hand)
Consistency
Fixation (to skin, to deep structures)
Pulsation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Distended vessels

A

Upward: PHTN (caput Medusa), inferior vena cava obstruction

Downward: superior vena cava syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ascites ddx

A 
Portal vein thrombosis 
Splenic vein thrombosis 
Cirrhosis 
Schistosomiasis 
ALF
Primary biliary cholangitis 
Veno-occlusive syndrome (sinusoidal obstruction)

HF
Constructive pericarditis
Budd Chiari syndrome
IVC obstruction

Nephrotic syndrome 
Malnutrition 
Malignancy 
TB 
Pancreatitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hernial sites

A

Epigastric
Umbilical
Inguinal
Femoral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Normal bowel sound range

A

5-34 per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bruit

A

Aortic
Renal arteries
Iliac arteries
Over organs (liver, spleen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Splenic percussion techniques

A

Traube’s space
Castell’s method
Nixon’s method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ddx of ascites

A 
Portal hypertension: 
Cirrhosis
Portal vein thrombosis
Schistosomiasis 
Acute liver failure
Heart failure 
Constrictive pericarditis 
Inferior vena cava obstruction

Non PHTN:
Nephrotic syndrome (osmotic)
Malnutrition
Malignancy
Tuberculosis
Pancreatitis (pancreatic secretions collect in the peritoneum die to pancreatic duct injury)
Chylous ascites (leakage of lymph into peritoneal cavity or increased peritoneal lymphatic pressure secondary to obstruction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ddx of splenomegaly

A 
Malaria
Typhoid fever
Viral hepatitis 
Portal hypertension 
Lymphoma 
Leukemia 
Myelofibrosis
Hemolytic anemia
Military TB
SLE
IE
Infectious mononucleosis 
Kalazar 
Sarcoidosis
Toxoplasmosis 
Bartonella (cat scratch disease)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ddx of hepatomegaly

A 
Acute hepatitis (viral, drug induced, alcoholic)
CLD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hepatosplenomegaly

A 
Advanced CLD
TB
Malaria
Leukemia
Thyroid fever
Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Splenomegaly with ascites

A

CLD
TB
Lymphoma
Leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ascites definition

A

Accumulation of >25ml of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Normal: 5-20ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Abdominal tap (paracentesis)

A

50-100 ml fluid tapped

2-3 cm below umbilicus
2-4 cm superomedial to ASIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Peritoneal fluid analysis

A

Chemical
Bacteriological
Cellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

SAAG

A

Serum albumin con. - Ascitic fluid albumin con.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

High SAAG

A

Greater than or equal to 1.1mg/dL

Cirrhosis (80% of cases)
Alcoholic hepatitis
Heart failure 
Portal vein thrombosis
Budd-Chiari syndrome: obstruction of hepatic venous outflow
Schistosomiasis 
Congenital hepatic fibrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Low SAAG

A

<1.1 mg/dL

TB
Peritoneal malignancy 
Pancreatitis 
Pyogenic peritonitis (infection of ascitic fluid)
Nephrotic syndrome
Pseudomyxoma peritonei
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Budd-Chiari syndrome

Study These Flashcards
A

Obstruction of hepatic venous outflow

22
Q

Hepatocellular cancer screening

Study These Flashcards
A 
Ultrasound 
AFP test (alpha fetoprotein): produced whenever liver cells are regenerating
23
Q

Cirrhosis

Study These Flashcards
A

Fibrosis and scarring of the liver. Healthy liver cells are replaced with inflammatory cells and fibrous tissues.

24
Portal triad
``` Portal vein (blood from GI) Hepatic artery (blood supply of the liver) Bile ductules ```
25
Ligament of Treitz (suspension ligament of duodenum)
Extension form right crus of diaphragm Duodenojejunal junction Boundary between upper and lower GI
26
Hepatic encephalopathy
Decline in brain function due to a buildup of toxins in the bloodstream in patients with chronic liver disease
27
Hepatopulmonary syndrome
Y
28
Hepatorenal syndrome
T
29
Causes of cirrhosis
Alcoholic cirrhosis Chronic viral hepatitis (HBV, HCV) Cardiac cirrhosis Biliary cirrhosis Non alcoholic steatohepatitis (advanced form of NAFLD) Inherited metabolic LD: hemochromatosis, Wilson’s disease, cystic fibrosis, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency Cryptogenic fibrosis
30
Non hepatotropic viral causes of hepatitis
``` CMV EBV HSV Varicella Mumps Yellow virus Adenovirus ```
31
Enteric hepatotropic virus
A and E
32
Albumin is synthesized by
Liver
33
Yellowish discoloration
Jaundice Carotenodema (does not cause icteric sclera!!) Quinacrine Phenol exposure
34
GI cause of clubbing
IBD (CD, UC) Malabsorption GI lymphoma Liver cirrhosis
35
Traube’s space
T
36
Parasitic causes of hepatomegaly
Amoebic liver abscess Echinococcus granulosus Leishmaniasis
37
Bacterial causes of hepatomegaly
TB Thyphoid fever Pyogenic liver abscess
38
Malignant causes of hepatomegaly
Hepatoma (hepatocellular carcinoma) Metastasis Lymphoma Leukemia
39
Metabolic causes of hepatomegaly
DM | Glycogen storage disease
40
Congestive hepatomegaly
Right side heart failure Constrictive pericarditis Pericardial effusion Budd-chiari syndrome
41
Tender hepatomegaly
``` Advanced CLD TB Malaria Leukemia Thyphoid fever VL ```
42
Splenomegaly with ascites
CLD TB Lymphoma Leukemia
43
Massive splenomegaly ddx
``` Chronic malaria Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) Myelofibrosis Kalazar Hairy cell leukemia VL ```
44
Massive splenomegaly is
>8cm below costal margin or >1000 gm on US
45
Ascites definition
>25 ml of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
46
Chemical analysis of peritoneal fluid
Protein Amylase Triglyceride Glucose
47
Bacteriological analysis of peritoneal fluid
Gram stain AFB Culture
48
Cellular analysis of peritoneal fluid
WBCs (>250/microL PMN: Bacterial) | Others
49
Round ligament of the liver
Obliterated umbilical vein
50
Prehepatic causes of hypertension
U
51
Intrahepatic causes of hypertension
Y
52
Posthepatic causes of hypertension
I

Internal Medicine (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions