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Infectious Flashcards

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1
Q

Infective stage of schistosome (humans)

A

Circadia

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2
Q

Stage of snail penetration

A

Miracidia (after hatching of egg)

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3
Q

Diagnosis of schistosomiasis

A

Egg found in urine or stools

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4
Q

Life-cycle of schistosomes

A

Eggs (urine, stool) > miracidia (snails) > circariae (humans) > schistosomulae > adult (liver) > paired adults (mesentric venules of the bowel, venous plexus of the bladder) > eggs

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5
Q

Acute manifestations of schistosomiasis

A

Katayama fever

Swimmer’s itch/ cercarial dermatitis

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6
Q

Katayama fever is…

A

Acute manifestation of schistosomiasis that occurs when eggs are laid in target organs and release antigens

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7
Q

Swimmer’s itch

A

Skin rash caused by hypersensitivity reaction cercariae penetrating the skin

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8
Q

Chronic manifestation of schistosomiasis

A 
Intestinal schistosomiasis 
Hepatic schistosomiasis 
Urinary schistosomiasis 
Neurological schistosomiasis 
Pulmonary schistosomiasis
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9
Q

Manifestations of Katayama fever

A 
Fever 
Urticaria 
Malaise 
Abdominal pain
Diarrhea 
Hepatosplenomegaly
Cough (bronchispasm) 
Eosinophilia
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10
Q

Chronic manifestation of schistosomiasis is due to

A

Granulomatous inflammation of a particular organ in reaction to the egg deposition. Granuloma formation and fibrosis.

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11
Q

Laboratory work up for schistosomiasis

A

Stool/urine examination (egg)
Circulating antigens in serum or urine (CCA/ circulating cathodic antigen)
Antibody detection

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12
Q

Treatment of schistosomiasis

A

Praziquantel (first line)

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13
Q

Snail species for schistosomiasis is

A

Biomphalaria species: S. mansoni

Bulinis species: S. hematobium

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14
Q

Cells with CD4 receptors (HIV)

A

CD4 T cells
Dendritic cells
Macrophages

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15
Q

Most common chief complaints of HIV/AIDS patients

A 
Cough
Fever
Diarrhea and vomiting 
Focal deficit 
Infectious swelling in different areas like axilla
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16
Q

HPI of RVI patients

A 
Duration
How diagnosis was made
HAART 
Cotrimoxazole preventive therapy 
Adherence 
Follow up 
Baseline CD4 count
Side effect of drugs
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17
Q

The five main plasmodium spp are

A 
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium ovale 
Plasmodium malariae 
Plasmodium knowlesi
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18
Q

The plasmodium species that infects all stages of RBC

A

Falciparum

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19
Q

Plasmodium species with dormant (hypnozoite) stages

A

P. vivax and ovale

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20
Q

Does not infect Duffy factor negative RBCs

A

P. vivax

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21
Q

Plasmodium species with quartan (72 hours) erythrocytic cycle

A

P. malariae

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22
Q

Infective stage of plasmodium species

A

Sporozoite

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23
Q

Mosquitoes take in (plasmodium stage)

A

Gametocytes

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24
Q

Agglutination is

A

Infected RBC adhering to other infected RBC

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25
Rosette formation is
In infected RBC adhere to infected
26
Cytoadherence is
Infected RBC attaching to capillary and venular endothelium receptors
27
Mature malaria parasite are found in
Sequestered in vital organs
28
Cytoadherence, rosette formation and agglutination are central to the pathogenesis of
Plasmodium falciparum
29
Splenomegaly in malaria is due to
Augmented immunologic and filterative function of the spleen
30
Immunity after exposure to malaria protects from
High parasitemia and severe disease but not from infection
31
Which blood group has been associated with protection against severe anemia
Blood group O
32
Most prevalent malaria parasite in Africa
P. falciparum
33
RBC abnormalities protective against severe falciparum malaria
Sickle cell anemia Beta-thalassemia G6PD deficiency
34
Main malaria vectors in Ethiopia
Anopheles arabiensis Anopheles pharoensis A. funestus A. nili
35
Cells with CD4 receptors (HIV)
CD4 T cells Dendritic cells Macrophages
36
Most common chief complaints of HIV/AIDS patients
``` Cough Fever Diarrhea and vomiting Focal deficit Infectious swelling in different areas like axilla ```
37
HPI of RVI patients
``` Duration How diagnosis was made HAART Cotrimoxazole preventive therapy Adherence Follow up Baseline CD4 count Side effect of drugs ```
38
The five main plasmodium spp are
``` Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium ovale Plasmodium malariae Plasmodium knowlesi ```
39
The plasmodium species that infects all stages of RBC
Falciparum
40
Plasmodium species with dormant (hypnozoite) stages
P. vivax and ovale
41
Does not infect Duffy factor negative RBCs
P. vivax
42
Plasmodium species with quartan (72 hours) erythrocytic cycle
P. malariae
43
Infective stage of plasmodium species
Sporozoite
44
Mosquitoes take in (plasmodium stage)
Gametocytes
45
Agglutination is
Infected RBC adhering to other infected RBC
46
Rosette formation is
In infected RBC adhere to infected
47
Cytoadherence is
Infected RBC attaching to capillary and venular endothelium receptors
48
Mature malaria parasite are found in
Sequestered in vital organs
49
Cytoadherence, rosette formation and agglutination are central to the pathogenesis of
Plasmodium falciparum
50
Splenomegaly in malaria is due to
Augmented immunologic and filterative function of the spleen
51
Immunity after exposure to malaria protects from
High parasitemia and severe disease but not from infection
52
Which blood group has been associated with protection against severe anemia
Blood group O
53
Most prevalent malaria parasite in Africa
P. falciparum
54
RBC abnormalities protective against severe falciparum malaria
Sickle cell anemia Beta-thalassemia G6PD deficiency
55
Main malaria vectors in Ethiopia
Anopheles arabiensis Anopheles pharoensis A. funestus A. nili
56
Cells with CD4 receptors (HIV)
CD4 T cells Dendritic cells Macrophages
57
Most common chief complaints of HIV/AIDS patients
``` Cough Fever Diarrhea and vomiting Focal deficit Infectious swelling in different areas like axilla ```
58
HPI of RVI patients
``` Duration How diagnosis was made HAART Cotrimoxazole preventive therapy Adherence Follow up Baseline CD4 count Side effect of drugs ```
59
The five main plasmodium spp are
``` Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium ovale Plasmodium malariae Plasmodium knowlesi ```
60
The plasmodium species that infects all stages of RBC
Falciparum
61
Plasmodium species with dormant (hypnozoite) stages
P. vivax and ovale
62
Does not infect Duffy factor negative RBCs
P. vivax
63
Plasmodium species with quartan (72 hours) erythrocytic cycle
P. malariae
64
Infective stage of plasmodium species
Sporozoite
65
Mosquitoes take in (plasmodium stage)
Gametocytes
66
Agglutination is
Infected RBC adhering to other infected RBC
67
Rosette formation is
In infected RBC adhere to infected
68
Cytoadherence is
Infected RBC attaching to capillary and venular endothelium receptors
69
Mature malaria parasite are found in
Sequestered in vital organs
70
Cytoadherence, rosette formation and agglutination are central to the pathogenesis of
Plasmodium falciparum
71
Splenomegaly in malaria is due to
Augmented immunologic and filterative function of the spleen
72
Immunity after exposure to malaria protects from
High parasitemia and severe disease but not from infection
73
Which blood group has been associated with protection against severe anemia
Blood group O
74
Most prevalent malaria parasite in Africa
P. falciparum
75
RBC abnormalities protective against severe falciparum malaria
Sickle cell anemia Beta-thalassemia G6PD deficiency
76
Main malaria vectors in Ethiopia
Anopheles arabiensis Anopheles pharoensis A. funestus A. nili

Internal Medicine (10 decks)

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