CNS Flashcards
(25 cards)
CSF is produced by
Choroid
CSF is reabsorbed by
Arachnoid
LP is done at the level of
L3-L4 or L4-L5 to avoid injury to the spinal cord (terminates at L1 or L2)
Trochlear nerve
Downward, internal rotation of eye
Corneal reflex
CN 5
Motor examination
Muscle bulk Fasciculation Muscle tone Muscle power Reflex
Muscle bulk measurement
10cm above and 20 cm below tibial tuberosity
Types of hypertonia
Clasp knife: corticospinal tract lesions
Lead pipe: extra-pyramidal tract lesion
Cog wheel: Parkinson
Muscle power grading
Out of 5
0: no movement at all
1: flickering of the digits
2: moves without gravity (side to side)
3: moves against gravity
4: moves against restraint
5: moves against full restraint
Jendrassik maneuver
To enhance reflexes
Clenching teeth: upper limb
Hooking hands and pulling apart: lower limb (patellar)
Tendon reflex locations
Triceps
Biceps
Brachioradialis
Knee (patellar)
Achille’s refex
Grading of tendon reflex
0 to 4
0: no
1: slight
2: normal
3: very brisk (hyper-reflexia)
4: with clonus (patellar, ankle)
Circle of Willis
Anterior cerebral arteries
Anterior communicating artery
Posterior communicating artery
Posterior cerebral arteries
Four key features of stroke
Sudden onset
Focal involvement of CNS
Vascular cause
Lack of rapid resolution
Risk factors of stroke
Age Heredity Hypertension DM Dyslipidemia Smoking Alcohol
Superficial reflex
Corneal Cremasteric (ipsilateral contraction) Abdominal Plantar Anal
Myasthenia graves is due to
Autoimmune destruction of Ach receptors
Guillain Barre syndrome is due to
Immune-mediated polyneuropathies
Muscular weakness that gets worse throughout the day
Myasthenia gravis
Spastic paralysis
Upper motor neuron lesion
Flaccid paralysis
Lower motor neuron lesion
Fasciculation
Lower motor neuron lesion
Causes of lesion mnemonic
VITAMIN CDE
Vascular Inflammatory/infectious Toxic/trauma Autoimmune Metabolic Iatrogenic Neoplastic/nutritional Congenital Degenerative/demyelinating Epileptic
Brown Sequard syndrome presentation
Loss of all sensation at level of injury
Contralateral loss of pain and temperature
Ipsilateral loss of proprioception and vibration and motors innervation
