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Positioning semester 2 > Abdomen Test 1 > Flashcards

Abdomen Test 1 Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

diaphragm

A

muscle for breathing

separates abdominal and thoracic cavities

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2
Q

PSOAS muscles

A

on either side of lumbar spine
flexes and rotates thighs medially
visible on properly exposed radiographs

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3
Q

Digestive system consists of:

A 
oral cavity 
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine 
large intestine
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4
Q

small intestine

A

15-18 feet long

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5
Q

duodenum

A

first portion of small intestine

shortest and widest

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6
Q

jejunum

A

first 2/5ths following the duodenum

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7
Q

ileum

A

distal 3/5ths

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8
Q

Large intestine consists of:

A 
cecum 
ascending colon
hepatic flexure 
transverse colon 
splenic flexure 
descending colon
sigmoid colon 
rectum
anus
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9
Q

accessory organs include:

A

pancreas
liver
gall bladder

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10
Q

Pancreas

A

posterior to the stomach

both an endocrine and exocrine gland

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11
Q

urinary system consists of:

A

kidneys
ureters
bladder
urethra

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12
Q

kidneys

A

retroperitoneal

extend from T12 - L3

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13
Q

ureters

A

about a foot long

retroperitoneal

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14
Q

body cavities

A

dorsal

ventral

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15
Q

dorsal cavity

A

consists of cranial cavity and spinal cavity

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16
Q

ventral cavity

A

consists of thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

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17
Q

viscera

A

the organs of any cavity

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18
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

the covering of walls of the cavity

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19
Q

visceral peritoneum

A

the covering on an organ

inner portion

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20
Q

peritoneum

A

double walled seromembranous sac that encloses the abdominopelvic cavity

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21
Q

peritoneal cavity

A

space or cavity between the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum
contains serous fluid

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22
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

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23
Q

mesentary

A

fold of the peritoneum

holds the small intestine in place and attaches it to the abdominal wall

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24
Q

mesocolon

A

fold of peritoneum

attaches the large intestine to the posterior abdominal wall

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25
lesser omentum
double fold of peritoneum | extends from lesser curvature of stomach to portion of the liver
26
greater omentum
largest peritoneal fold | fatty apron that hangs over the transverse colon and small intestine
27
pneumoperitoneum
free air or gas in the peritoneal cavity caused by perforation of a gas containing organ ex: perforating ulcer best demonstrated by doing an upright abdomen
28
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum | caused by contamination of infectious microbe
29
retroperitoneal organs include:
``` kidneys ureters adrenal glands pancreas duodenum ascending an descending colon ```
30
infraperitoneal organs
lower rectum urinary bladder reproductive organs in men
31
intraperitoneal organs
``` liver gallbladder spleen stomach jejunum cecum transverse and sigmoid colon ```
32
9 abdominal regions
``` right hypochondriac epigastriccip left hypochondriac right lateral umbilical left lateral right inguinal pubic left inguinal ```
33
xiphoid process
T9 - T10
34
inferior costal margin
L2-L3
35
iliac crest
L4-L5 | most commonly used abdominal landmark
36
anterior superior iliac spine ASIS
bump that is inferior and anterior to the crests | secondary landmark for abdomen positioning
37
ischial tuberosity
part of hip bone you sit on
38
how to prevent motion in abdominal radiography
shortest exposure time possible careful breathing instructions usage of sponges or sandbags
39
abdominal exposures are made at
expiration
40
gonadal shielding for males
always use | upper edge of shield placed at the pubic symphysis
41
gonadal shielding for females
use only when shields don't obscure essential anatomy
42
CT and MRI are used for
evaluating and diagnosing small neoplasms involving abdominal organs
43
Sonography
gallbladder demonstrate abcesses, cysts, or tumors appendicitis
44
nuclear medicine
GI motility and reflux related to possible bowel obstruction more of a physiologic exam
45
scout film
taken before contrast medium is introduced into the abdominal organ systems
46
Acute abdomen series
do a supine and upright or decubitus abdomen and a PA chest | if you can't do an upright you do left lateral decub
47
AP projection supine | clinical indications
bowel obstructions neoplasms calcifications ascites
48
AP projection supine | technical factors
``` SID of 40 35x43 IR Grid 70-80kv gonadal shielding ```
49
AP projection supine | NO rotation
iliac wings, obturator foramina and ischial spine appear symmetric elongation of iliac wings indicates rotation in that direction
50
PA projection prone
not desirable because it magnifies the kidneys
51
Lateral decubitus position | clinical indications
abdominal masses air fluid levels pt. should be on side for a minimum of 5 mins 10-20 mins would be preferred
52
Lateral decubitus position | CR centering
center the CR about 2inches above the iliac crests to include the diaphragm
53
AP projection Erect | clinical indications
abdominal masses air fluid levels intraperitoneal air under diaphragm
54
AP projection erect | central ray
CR will be 2inches above the iliac crests | top of the IR at about the level of the axilla
55
AP projection erect
don't need the pubic symphysis | need the diaphragms
56
Dorsal decubitus | clinical indications
abnormal masses accumulation of gas, air fluid levels aneurysms calcifications
57
dorsal decubitus | patient position
supine side against IR arms up beside head
58
Dorsal decubitus | Central ray
horizontal CR | centered 2 inches above the iliac crest
59
Lateral position Abdomen | clinical indications
abnormal soft tissue masses umbilical herneias localization of foreign bodies
60
lateral position abdomen | technical factors
80-90 kv range | central ray 2 inches above iliac crests

Positioning semester 2 (4 decks)

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