FINAL femur/pelvic girdle

Question 1

where are two common sites of fractures in the elderly?

Answer 1

femoral neck and intertrochanteric crest

Question 2

what does the pelvis consist of

Answer 2

2 hip bones
sacrum
coccyx

Question 3

what consists of the pelvic girdle

Answer 3

2 hip bones

Question 4

what are the 3 divisions of the hip bone

Answer 4

illium
ischium
pubis

Question 5

the ilium ischium and pubis join together to form what?

Answer 5

the acetabulum

Question 6

ala

Answer 6

part of the ilium

wing

Question 7

T or F the obturator foramen is the larges foramen in the body

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

pelvic brim

Answer 8

divides the pelvic area into 2 cavities

Question 9

greater/false pelvis

Answer 9

area superior to pelvic brim

Question 10

lesser/true pelvis

Answer 10

area inferior to the plane through the pelvic brim

forms the actual birth canal

Question 11

what is the ruler that is used to measure the inlet and outlet of mothers pelvis and the babys head

Answer 11

colcher-sussman ruler

Question 12

male pelvis

Answer 12

narrow, deep
smaller angle of pubic arch
inlet is more heart shaped

Question 13

female pelvis

Answer 13

wide, shallow
larger angle of pubic arch
inlet more rounded
have flared ala

Question 14

evidence of a hip fracture

Answer 14

external rotation of the involved hip

Question 15

FEMUR

basic projections

Answer 15

AP
lateral (distal femur)
lateral (mid and proximal femur)

Question 16

PELVIS

basic projections

Answer 16

AP

AP bilateral frog leg (modified cleaves)

Question 17

PELVIS

special projections

Answer 17

AP axial outlet (Taylor method)
AP axial inlet
AP oblique projection (Judet method)
PA axial oblique projection (Teufel method)

Question 18

HIP

basic projections

Answer 18

AP
Axiolateral inferosuperior projection (Danelius Miller)
Unilateral frog leg projection mediolateral (modified cleaves)

Question 19

HIP

special projections

Answer 19

Modified axiolateral (Clements Nakayama method)

Question 20

how do you find the head and neck of the femur?

Answer 20

determine midpoint of line between ASIS and pubic symphysis
head is 1.5inches distal to that point
neck is 2.5 inches distal to that point

Question 21

internal rotation of the leg shows what in profile

Answer 21

the greater trochanter

Question 22

external rotation of the leg shows what in profile

Answer 22

the lesser trochanter

Question 23

bony thorax consists of

Answer 23

sternum
thoracic vertebrae
12 pairs of ribs

Question 24

sternum consists of

Answer 24

manubrium
body
xiphoid process

Question 25

manubrium is at the level of

Answer 25

T2 T3

Question 26

clavicular notches

Answer 26

articulate with the sternal end of the clavicle | form the sternoclavicular joints

Question 27

xiphoid process is at the level of

Answer 27

T9 T10

Question 28

when does the sternum become totally ossified?

Answer 28

about age 40

Question 29

true or false | anterior ribs do not unite directly with the sternum but with a short piece of cartilage

Answer 29

TRUE

Question 30

rib cartilage =

Answer 30

costocartilage

Question 31

the sternal angle is at the level of

Answer 31

T4 T5

Question 32

True or false | the costocartilage of ribs 8 9 and 10 connect to rib 7

Answer 32

TRUE

Question 33

True ribs

Answer 33

first 7 ribs

Question 34

False ribs

Answer 34

8-12

Question 35

floating ribs

Answer 35

11- 12 | do not have costocartilage

Question 36

posterior ribs are how many inches higher than the anterior end

Answer 36

3-5 inches higher

Question 37

what are the ends of the rib

Answer 37

vertebral and sternal end

Question 38

vertebral end of the rib has 3 parts

Answer 38

head neck tubercle

Question 39

the tubercle of the rib articulates with

Answer 39

the transverse process of the vertebra

Question 40

angle of the rib

Answer 40

where the body arches

Question 41

costal groove

Answer 41

contains an artery, vein and nerve

Question 42

which ribs are short broad and the most vertical?

Answer 42

the 1st ribs

Question 43

costotransverse joint

Answer 43

articulation between tubercle of rib and the transverse process of the thoracic vertebra

Question 44

costovertebral joint

Answer 44

articulation between the head of the rib and the demifacets of the body of the thoracic vertebrae

Question 45

sternum positioning | for a thin or shallow chest do you need more or less obliquity?

Answer 45

MORE | 20degrees

Question 46

sternum positioning | for a large barrel chested patient do you need more or less obliquity?

Answer 46

LESS | 15 degrees

Question 47

flail chest

Answer 47

fracture of adjacent ribs in 2 or more places caused by blunt trauma can lead to instability of chest wall

Question 48

pectus carinatum (pigeon breast)

Answer 48

congenital defect | anterior protrusion of lower sternum adn xiphoid

Question 49

pectus excavatum

Answer 49

congenital condition funnel chest depressed sternum often corrected surgically