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Abdominal Cavity Flashcards

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1
Q

Borders of Abdominal Cavity- Superiorly, Inferiorly, Posteriorly, Laterally/Anteriorly

A

Borders of Abdominal Cavity-
Superiorly: diaphgram
Inferiorly: Continuous with pelvic cavity
Posteriorly: Vertebral column and abdominal wwall
Laterally/Anteriorly: Abdominal wall, ribs in superior portion

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2
Q

because of diaphragm shape, some abdominal organs are underneath…

A

the ribs

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3
Q

Inferiorly- the abdomen is continuous with ______ so peritoneum of abdomen continous on to the ___

A

Pelvic cavity (no seperation), the pelvis

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4
Q

Describe orientation of abdomen and pelvis

A

because of lumbar vertebrae, theres a tilt (pelvis is diagonal and abdomen is straight up and down verticle)- continuous but not straight column

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5
Q

Peritoneum lines the…

A

abdominal cavity (it overs abdominal organs)

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6
Q

Layers of Peritoneum

A

Parietal and visceral layer just like the heart/lungs.

-Different here because of organization of abdominal organs

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7
Q

Place where peritoneum folds over itself and makes a double layer is called…

A

Mesentary

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8
Q

What organs are suspended by mesentary or behind mesentary (retroperitoneal)

A

Abdominal Organs

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9
Q

Does the paritoneum continue down into the pelvis?

A

YES- and it drapes over the pelvic structures- can see bladder and uterus (in women)

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10
Q

Transumbilical Plane

A

Horizontal, through the umbilicus and intervertebral disc between L3 and L4

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11
Q

Vertical plane runs from __to __

A

Xiphoid process to public symphysis

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12
Q

Name the clinical quadrants

A

Right upper quadrant
left upper quadrant
right lower quadrant
left lower quadrant

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13
Q

Name the anotomical regions

A 
Right hypochondrium
Right flank,lumbar
right groin,inguinal
pubic region
umbilical region
epigastric region
left hypoconhdrium
left flank/lumbar
left groin/inguinal
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14
Q

Subcoastal plane

A

Horizontal.

Lower border of costal cartilage of rib 10 and L3

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15
Q

Intertubercular plane

A

Horizontal.

Connects tubercles of illiac crests

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16
Q

Midclavicular planes

A

Vertical.

Midpoint of clavicles to point between pubic symphysis and anterior superior iliac spine

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17
Q

What are the bony components of the abdominal wall?

A

Lumbar vertebrae, upper wings of pelvic bones, costal margin and ribs 11/12

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18
Q

What are the muscular components of the Abdominal Wall?

A

Posteriorly: Quadratus Lumborum, iliopsoas
Laterally: 3 layers of muscles
Anteriorly: rectus Abdominus

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19
Q

Fascial components of Abdominal wall

A

Superficial and deep layer of fascia

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20
Q

Describe Quadratus Luumborum

A

Posteriorly- sits above hips, lateral to lumbar vertebrae, flat muscle that makes up posterior body wall in abdomen- kidneys sit on a portion of QL

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21
Q

Describe Iliopsoas

A

Combination of muscles iliacus and psoas major

-Iliacus sits in iliac fosa (anterior portion of hip bone)

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22
Q

Whye are Psoas major and iliacus combined?

A

Because they have the same insertion (make up portion of posterior body wall) but cross anterior aspect of hip and insert in femur

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23
Q

What are the 3 layers of muscle, located laterally?

A

External and Internal obliques and transverse abdominus (deep to these)

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24
Q

Superficial fatty layer of fascia

A

Campers Fascia- superfeicial layer of superficial fatty layer (this is a layer of adipose)

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25
Deeper Membranous layer of facsia
Scarpas Fascia- - More membranous - continues into the thigh and fuses with FASCIA LATA - continues in anterior perinuem as COLLES FASCIA
26
Dartos Muscles
In males, CAMPERS + SCARPAS continue over penis and into scrotum and contain these smooth muscle fibers (called DARTOS)
27
External Oblique muscle
- Most superficial - Immediately deep to superficial fascia - APONEUROSIS (thick, flat tendinous insertion) attaches to midline LINEA ALBA - direction is hands in pockets
28
Inguinal Ligament
- Formed by lower border of external oblique aponeurosis | - travles from anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to pubic tubercle
29
Internal Oblique
- Deep to external oblique - Ends at linea Alba - Fibers run SUPEROMEDIALLY
30
Fibers of the internal oblique run in this direction
SUPEROMEDIALLY
31
Rectus Abdominus
- Long, flat, vertical muscle - Paired, seperated at midline by linea alba (bilateral) - Runs from pubic symphysis to costal margin
32
What is the Rectus Abdominus enclosed in
-is enclosed in the RECTUS SHEATH
33
Transversus Abdominus
-Deppest abdominal msucle -Fibers run horizontally -Originates allover the place -Insertion is the "zipper" (like a corset)
34
Deep Fascia: Transversalis Fascia
- deep to transversus abdominus | - continuous layer of deep fascia that lines abdominal and pelvic cavities
35
What is transverse fascia in direct contact with?
Rectus Abdominus below ARCUATE LINE
36
Above Arcuate Line
ANTERIOR RECTUS SHEATH: made up of aponeuroses of external and internal obliques POSTERIOR RECTUS SHEATH: made up of aponeuroses of internal oblique and transversus abdominus
37
Below Arcuate Line
ANTERIOR RECTUS SHEATH: made up of aponeuroses of external and internal obliques and transversus abdominus POSTERIOR RECTUS SHEATH: no longer exists, rectus abdominus is in direct contact with transversalis fascia
38
Deep Fascia: Extraperotoneal Fascia
- Deep to transversalis fascia, separates from peritoneum - lines abdominal and pelvic cavities - Abundant on the posterior wall - this layer has Vasculature - organs within this fascial layer are RETROPERITONEAL
39
What is Retroperitoneal?
Structures that sit POSTERIOR to the peritoneum within the extra peritoneal fascia
40
Order from superficial to deep abdomen
skin->campers->scarpas->external oblique->internal oblique->transversus ->abdominus->transversalis fascia->extraperitoneal fascia->parietal peritoneum
41
Skin, muscles, and parietal peritoneum supplied by...
ventral rami of spinal nerves T7-L1
42
Intercostal nerves give off __________branches that wrap around and end anteriorly
LATERAL CUTANEOUS
43
is there well localized pain sensation in the abdomen?
no
44
Vasculature surround all layers and profuse them with blood. What are the two layers?
Superficial and Deep
45
Superficial Vasculature
Superior: MUSCULOPHRENIC ARTERY Inferior: SUPERFICIAL EPIGASTRIC ARTERY & SUPERFICIAL CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY
46
Where does the musculophrenic artery branch from?
Internal Thoracic Artery
47
Where does the SUPERFICIAL EPIGASTRIC ARTERY & SUPERFICIAL CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY branch from?
Femoral Artery
48
Deep Vascuature
Superior: SUPERIOR EPIGASTRIC ARTERY Lateral: 10th and 11th INTERCOSTAL AA. & SUBCOSTAL ARTERY Inferior: INFERIOR EPIGASTRIC ARTERY & DEEP CIRCUMFLEX ILIAC A.
49
INFERIOR EPIGASTRIC ARTERY & DEEP CIRCUMFLEX ILIAC A. branches from...
External Iliac Artery
50
Lymphatics in superficial above umbilicus
Axillary Nodes
51
Lymphatics in superficial below umbilicus
Superficial inguinal nodes
52
Deep Lymphatics
Parasternal Nodes
53
Inguinal Region-Groin is the region...
between anterior abdominal wall and thigh
54
Where do testes develop in the male fetus?
inside the abdominal cavity- and they descend through the abdominal wall out into the scrotum
55
Inguinal Canal
Passageway through anterior abdominal wall in the inguinal region formed by folding of fascia from abdominal muscles
56
Do men and women have inguinal canals?
yes but more prominent in men since it passes spermatic cord in men or round ligament in woman from deep ring to superficial ring
57
Where does inguinal canal start and end?
Start: Deep (internal) inguinal ring End: Superficial (external) inguinal ring
58
Descent of Testes???????????????????????????????ASK
Start by developing at abdominal cavity then go thru all the layers and an invagination of layer moves with them as they pull down. -Start at deep inguinal ring: evagination of transversalis fascia -superficial inguinal ring -inguinal canal -superficial inguinal canal -
59
Spermatic Cord purpose
it contains passageway for sperm from testes to the Urethra as well as venous, arterial and nerve supply
60
As testes descend into scrotum, they take with them portions of the ___ that will form structures inside the scrotum
Abdominal wall
61
Function of Cremasteric Facia
Responsible for raising and lowering testes comparing to testes temperature (since they have to be 3 degrees cooler)
62
Name after the leave inguinal canal: External spermatic fascia
external oblique muscle
63
Name after the leave inguinal canal: cremasteric fascia
internal oblique muscle
64
Name after the leave inguinal canal: internal spermatic fascia
transversalis fascia
65
Inguinal hernia
protrusion of peritoneal sac through a weakened part of the abdominal wall
66
Indirect Inguinal hernia
through deep inguinal ring, lateral to epigastric (most common)
67
Direct Inguinal hernia
through posterior wall of inguinal canal (through inguinal triangle), medial to epigastrics
68
What is it a give away to determine if its a direct/indirect hernia?
Epigastrics and if its lateral or medial to it
69
Inguinal Triangle
direct inguinal hernias push through
70
name for space between parietal and visceral peritoneum
peritoneal cavity
71
Parietal Peritoneum
lines abdominal wall
72
Visceral Peritoneum
covers organs suspended in peritoneal cavity
73
Why does mesentary form?
When digestive tract is developing, its one long tube. it spills out and develops out of body and then back in it (in utero) -layers of perotineum forms a double layer as it folds over itself (mesentary)
74
Mesentary holds organs to the ______
posterior abdominal wall
75
What travels through the mesentary to visceral organs?
Vessels and Nerves
76
Intraperitoneal structures...
are free to move within the mesentary
77
Retroperitoneal structures are...
more confined to their position
78
what special structures do peritoneal folds form?
mesentary, ligaments, omentum
79
Examples of retroperitoneal structures
- urinary system (kidney, bladder, ureter)/adrenal glands - aorta and IVC - part of esophagus and rectum - most of the pancreas (except the tail) - most of the duodenum - ascending/descending colon
80
Greater Omentum
The layers of peritoneum form these apron-like tissue (can have a substantial amount of fat) -hangs from the greater curvature of the stomach and duodenum
81
Lesser Omentum
Layers of peritoneum from lesser curvature of stomach and duodenum to liver -seperates omental bursa (lesser sac) from the greater sac of peritoneal cavity
82
transverse mesocolon
Fold of peritoneum that connects the transverse colon to the posterior body wall
83
sigmoid mesocolon
Inverted V shaped peritoneal fold that attaches the sigmoid colon to the abdominal wall
84
Clinically important structures in each quadrant
RUQ: Liver, gall bladder LUQ: Stomach, spleen (posterior) RLQ: Appendix, Ascending colon LLQ: Descending colon, sigmoid colon R and L UQ: Pancreas All 4 quadrants: Small Bowel

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