Introduction to the Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
(30 cards)
Axial VS Appendicular
Axial surrounds CNS (brain and spinal cord)- includes skill, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, sacrum, and ONLY dorsal/posterior part of pelvis
Appendicular surround appendages- includes limbs, shoulder blades, hip bones in lower aspect
Bone Shape Classification
Long, Irregular, Flat, Short
What is Sesamoid
The sesamoid bone is a short bone found within the tendons
What are joints?
Articulation-joint connection between 2 bones
Types of joints
Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
FIbrous Joints
Dense connective tissue connecting bones in close contact
SUTURE bones in skull, GOMPHOSIS teeth in school, SYNDESMOSIS in forearm and leg
-generally, no movement
Cartilaginous Joints
Cartilage (hyaline, fibrocartilage) between bones
SYNCHONDROSIS- growth plate
SYMPHYSIS- intervertebral disc, pubic symphysis
Synovial Joints
Most common joints allowing free movement (PIC) 1. Articular cartilage 2. Synovial Cavity 3. Synovial fluid 4. Joint Capsule 5. Reinforcing ligaments 6. Nerves and blood vessels
ABduction
movement in coronal plane away from midline
ADduction
Moving toward midline in coronal plane
Supination VS Pronation
forearm, mandible
Supination: Twist at the elbow, rotating forward “hold soup and throw it away”
Pronation: Rotate JUST the Forarm
Circumduction
This is NOT rotation of limbs- its movement between abduction and adduction
Plantarflexion VS. Dorsiflexion
(ANKLE ONLY)
Plantarflexion: point toes down (like a ballerina)
Dorsiflexion: point toes upward
Inversion VS Eversion
(ANKLE ONLY)
Inversion: sole of the foot turns medially (when foot goes in and ankle goes out)–like supination
Eversion: when sole of foot goes outward (break ankle)–like potenation
Elevation VS Depression
Jaw: Elevation: close your mouth
Depression: open your mouth
Protraction VS Retraction
Mandible-
Protract: stick it out like an underbite
Retract: pull it in like an overbite
Shoulders-
Protraction: when shoulder blades are away from midline
Retraction: when shoulder blades get moved back toward it (can also use AB Adduction)
Protrusion VS Retrusion
Protusion: stick it out like underbite
Retrusion: pull jaw back in (overbite)
Medial VS Lateral rotation
Internal VS external rotation
Actually turn bone of its long axis; only usually on hip and shoulder
Medial: turning TOWARDS midline
Lateral: opposite: away from midline
Different from circumduction bc you are actually rotating the bone at joint on long axis
Fascia
Connective Tissue important for organization and support of body structures
- surrounds muscle, bones, organs, nerves
- Contain blood vessels and tissue receptors- can respond to injury
Fascia is divided into…
Superficial (subcutaneous) fascia- loose connective tissue
Deep Fascia- Dense connective tissue that helps organize body into muscle compartments
Body location and Cell shape/appearance of Skeletal Muscle
Attached to bones.
Single, very long, cylindrical, cells with obvious striations (pic)
Body location and Cell shape/appearance of Cardiac Muscle
Wall of heart.
Branching chains of cells, uni- or binucleated striations
Body location and Cell shape/appearance of Smooth Muscle
Unitary muscle in walls of hallow organs.
Single, fusiform, uninucleated, no striations
Muscles have __ and __
Origins- the attachment point that is not moved during the contraction of the muscle (more stationary part)
Insertion- the attachment point that is moved during the contraction of the muscle. This is where the tendon of the muscle will attach to the bone (more movable part)
