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Digestive Organs Flashcards

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1
Q

Other name for Digestive tract

A

Alimentary Canal

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2
Q

Abdominal esophagus enters diaphragm- where?

A

at T10

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3
Q

Stomach

A

largest lumen organ

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4
Q

Small Intestine

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

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5
Q

Large Intestine

A

Cecum and colon (ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid)

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6
Q

Appendix

A

Lymphatics/immune organ but on gut tube so included here

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7
Q

Name 2 other digestive tract organs

A

Rectum and anal Canal

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8
Q

Accessory Digestive Organs

A

Liver, Gall Bladder (biliary tree), Pancreas, Appendix, spleen (lymphatic/immune), Kidneys (urinary system), Aorta/IVC, thoracic duct

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9
Q

What are the 3 embryonic divisions that the gut derived from

A

Foregut, Midgut, Hindgut

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10
Q

Foregut contains…

A

Esophagus to duodenum, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, spleen

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11
Q

Midgut contains…

A

Duodenum through small intestine and large intestine to 2/3 of the transverse colon

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12
Q

Hindgut contains…

A

Distal 1/3 of transverse colon through superior portion of the rectum

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13
Q

3 main (unpaired) branches of the abdominal aorta that supply the digestive tract

A
  • Celiac trunk
  • Superior Mesenteric Artery
  • Inferior Mesenteric Artery
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14
Q

The pancreas receives blood from…

A

Both celiac trunk and SMA

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15
Q

Celiac Trunk supplies the…

A

supplies the forgut

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16
Q

Superior Mesenteric Artery supplies the…

A

Midgut

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17
Q

Inferior Mesenteric Artery supplies the…

A

Hindgut

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18
Q

Esophagus

A

Esophagus is mostly in thorax- only small part in abdomen

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19
Q

Vagus follows the esophagus through its hiatus- what happens to L and R vagus nerve?

A

Left and Right vagus nerves change course and become the anterior and posterior vagal trunks

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20
Q

Which part of vagus nerve is anterior and posterior part?

A

Anterior: Left vagus nerve
Posterior: right vagus nerve (behind the esophagus)

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21
Q

Esophagus arterial supply

A

Esophageal branches from celiac trunk and left inferior phrenic artery

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22
Q

Stomach-Cardia

A

near esophagus–the abdominal esophagus leads to the stomach and then part of stomach that esophagus dilates is the CARDIA

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23
Q

Stomach- Fondus

A

Above cardia–extra space

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24
Q

Parts of the Pyloric region

A

(pyloric region is the most inferior part)

  • Pyloric Antrum
  • Pyloric Canal
  • Pylorus: Pyloric constriction, pyloric sphincter, pyloric orifice
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25
What happens in the pyloric region?
Stomach constricts and changes in internal aspect of the mucosa of stomach changes
26
What are the ridges of the stomach called? Which allow for it to stretch and accomidate
Rugae
27
What does the pyloric canal do?
Constricted. Slows things down/compresses everything to move down to the duodenum allowing things to move from large to small space
28
What does pyloric sphincter do?
Muscle that can contract pyloric constriction to regulate empyting contents of the stomach into duodenum (keeps food in stomach) long enough until it is exposed to HCL for more digestion
29
Blood supply to stomach
- Left gastric Artery - Right Gastric Artery - Right gastro-omental - Left gastro-omental - Short gastric aa.
30
Where does Left gastric Artery branch from?
Celiac trunk
31
Where does right gastric artery branch from?
Hepatic Artery proper or common hepatic
32
what do R and L gastric do?
join together and form one
33
Where does RIght gastro-omental branch from?
gastroduodenal artery
34
Where does left gastro-omental branch from?
splenic artery (splenic comes from behind the stomach)
35
Where does short gastric aa branch from?
splenic artery
36
Small intestine-Duodenum is divided into 4 parts
- Superior part - Desending part - Inferior part - Ascending part
37
Superior part of duodenum
(where stomach ends) | from pyloric orifice to neck of gall bladder
38
Descending part of duodenum
begins at neck of gall bladder, extends to L3 | -ontains MAJOR DUODENAL PAPILLA
39
Major Duodenal Papilla
IN descending part of duodenum- enterance for bile and pancreatic ducts
40
Inferior part of duodenum
crosses aorta, IVC and vertebral column
41
Ascending part of duodenum
at L2 | -terminates at duodenojejunal
42
Ligament of Treitz
A ligamental part of mesentary that holds ASCENDING PART of duodenum up- it is suspensory
43
Blood supply to duodenum that branch off Gastroduodenal artery or superior gastroduodenal artery
- Suptraduodenal artery - Anterior Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery - Posterior superior pancreaticduodenal artery
44
Blood supply to duodenum that branch off Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery or directly from SMA
- Anterior inferior panreaticoduodenal artery | - Posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
45
Where does most blood supply to Duodenum come from?
Most blood supply comes from GASTRODUODENAL ARTERY (branch of common hepatic)
46
Jejunum
Proximal 2/5 of small intestine | -Left upper quadrant
47
Ileum
- distal 3/5 of small intestine - Right lower quadrant - Ileocecal fold where joins cecum-forms valve
48
Ileocecal valve
Longest valve- regulates flow-- in Ileum
49
Jejunum blood supply
Jejunal arteries
50
Where do jejunal arteries branch from
Superior mesenteric artery
51
Ileum blood supply
Ileal arteries
52
Where do Ileal branch from?
- Superior Mesenteric Artery | - Ileocolic Artery (from SMA)
53
How an you differentiate Jejunal and Ileal arteries?
By looking at mesentary Jejunum: Small arcades, long vasorectra Ileum: wider arcades, short vasorecta
54
Large Intestine consists of...
- Cecum - Appendix - Colon - Rectum - Anal Canal
55
Characteristics of Large Intestine
- Large Diameter - Fat accumilations called OMENTAL APPENDICES - Longitudinal muscle called TANIEA COLI - Sacculations called HAUSTRA
56
What does taniea coli do?
squishes intestine like an accordian and makes pockets called haustra
57
Splenic Flexure=
Left colic flexure
58
Hepatic Flexure=
Right colic fleure
59
Cecum
- First part of LARGE INTESTINE - sit in the R iliac fossa - Supplied by Anterior and Posterior cecal arteries
60
Where do Anterior and Posterior cecal arteries branch from?
Ileocolic Artery from SMA
61
Appendix
- Narrow tube - Contains aggregations of lymphoid tissue - Supplied by Appendicular artery
62
Where does appindicular artery branch from?
Iliocolic artery from SMA
63
Blood supply to Ascending LI
- Colic branch of ileocolic artery (from SMA) - Anterior and posterior cecal arteries (from SMA) - Right colic artery (from SMA)
64
Blood supply to Transverse LI
- Right Colic (from SMA) - Middle Colic (from SMA) - Left colic (from IMA)
65
Blood supply to Descending LI
Left Colic (from IMA)
66
Blood supply to Sigmoid LI
Sigmoidal arteries from IMA
67
Are ascending and descending colon suspended by mesentary?
NO- are retroparatoneal and have paracolic gutters
68
Paracolic Gutters
Material can pass through these to from one region to another within abdomen
69
Immediately lateral to ascending and descending colon are...
Right and Left paracolic gutters
70
Rectosigmoidal junction is around...
S3
71
Rectum and Anal Canal
-Retroperitoneal
72
Rectum and Anal Canal Blood supply
- Superior Rectal Artery (from IMA) - Middle Rectal artery (from internal iliac) - Inferior rectal artery (from Internal iliac)
73
Lymphatic Drainage of the Abdonimal GI tract is via Pre-aortic nodes
- Celiac: forgut - Superior mesenteric: midgut - Inferior mesenteric: hindgut
74
What is the Enteric Nervous System
The digestive tracts very own (intrinsic) nervous system. Located inside its walls
75
What does Enteric Nervous system control?
-Controls coordinated contraction of the digestive tract to support movement of digested material (peristalsis), gastric fluid secretion, and gastric blood flow
76
Can the ENS regulate itself?
Yes but it still receives input from the ANS
77
Myenteric Plexus
whole plexus of nerves in musclar layer of entire gut tube- regulates contraction of this muscle and movement thru digestive tract (movement is called parastasis)
78
Submucosal Plexus
where most glands are and where glandular secretion occurs- PNS- encourages digestion
79
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic regions...
Sympathetic- Thoracolumbar region Parasympathetic- Craniosacral region
80
Splanchnic Nerves include __,___,___, in the abdomenopelvic cavity
Thoracic, lumbar, sacral & pelvic splanchnic nerves
81
What innervates abdominal Viscera?
Splanchnic Nerves (nerves that connect the sympathetic trunk to plexuses/ganglia near aorta)
82
___ and ___ wrap around the aorta near the major branches to the digestive tract
Abdominal prevertebral plexuses and ganglia
83
What do plexuses carry?
Para and sympathetic nerves
84
What do Ganglion carry?
ONLY sympa ORRR parasympathetic nerves (JUST ONE)
85
Parasympathetic Innervation
Vagus Nerve and Pelvic Splanhnics
86
Vagus Nerve
Vagus Nerve: - Enters abdomen with esophagus and anterior and posterior vagal trunks - sends branches to abdominal prevertebral plexus - innervates fore- and mid-guts
87
Pelvic Splanchnics
- Arise from S2-S4 - Enter inferior hypogastric plexus in the pelvis and move upward into inferior mesenteric part of prevertebral plexus - innervated hindgut

Anatomy (11 decks)

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