Abdominal Viscera Part 1

Question 1

What vertebral level will the esophagus traverse the diaphram

Answer 1

T10

Question 2

What is the vertebral length of the esophagus

Answer 2

C6-T11

Question 3

What is the esophagogastric junction

Answer 3

junction of the esophagus and stomach (T11); transition from esophageal to gastric tissue

Question 4

What structures will assist the LES in guarding influx to and from the esophagus

Answer 4

diaphragmatic hiatus

Question 5

What are the arteries that will supply the esophagus

Answer 5

left gastric artery

left inferior phrenic

Question 6

Where does the abdominal esophagus drain venous

Answer 6

left gastric vein

Question 7

Where does the thoracic esophagus drain venous

Answer 7

systemic venous system

Question 8

What is the function of the stomach

Answer 8

digestion, turn food into chyme

Question 9

What region is the stomach found in

Answer 9

left hypochondriac region

Question 10

What is the arterial supply of the stomach

Answer 10

left/right gastric
left/right epiploic
short gastric

Question 11

Where will venous blood of the stomach drain

Answer 11

splenic vein, superior mesenteric vein, portal vein

Question 12

What is the function of the cardiac sphincter of the stomach

Answer 12

prevents food from regurgitating to the esophagus

Question 13

What are the two portions of the lesser omentum

Answer 13

hepatoduodenal ligament

hepatogastric ligament

Question 14

What composes the portal triad

Answer 14

proper hepatic artery
portal vein
common bile duct

Question 15

Where is the portal triad found

Answer 15

hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 16

What anatomy neighbors the stomach anteriorly

Answer 16

abdominal wall, left lobe of liver, diaphragm

Question 17

What anatomy neighbors the stomach posteriorly

Answer 17

pancreas
splenic artery
omental bursa

Question 18

What is the stomach covered with

Answer 18

visceral peritoneum

Question 19

What structures compose the stomach bed

Answer 19

pancreas
diaphragm
left kidney/suprarenal gland
spleen
transverse colon, mesocolon, splenic artery and vein

Question 20

Where is the phrenicocolic ligament

Answer 20

attaches from left colic flexure to body wall

Question 21

What is the function of the phrenicocolic ligament

Answer 21

prevents fluid migration in left paracolic gutter

Question 22

Describe the muscularis externa portion of the stomach

Answer 22

smooth muscle arranged in 3 layers

oblique, circular, longitudinal

Question 23

What are the rugae of the stomach

Answer 23

longitudinal folds of mucosa and submucosa that increase surface area for digestion and maceration

Question 24

Where is the pyloric sphincter located

Answer 24

between stomach and small intestine

Question 25

What is the function of the pyloric sphincter

Answer 25

controls release of food into duodenum

Question 26

Where is the duodenal cap found

Answer 26

directly after pyloric sphincter in first part of duodenum

Question 27

What are the two different types of hernias associated with the stomach

Answer 27

Paraesophageal: herniates next to esophagus Sliding hernia: herniates through the hiatus

Question 28

What are the parts of the small intestine

Answer 28

duodenum jejunum ileum

Question 29

In what part of the GI tract does most digestion occur

Answer 29

small intestine

Question 30

Are the jejunum and ileum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal

Answer 30

intraperitoneal

Question 31

What are the parts of the duodenum

Answer 31

superior descending horizontal ascending

Question 32

What is the most fixed portion of the small intestine

Answer 32

duodenum

Question 33

What is the pancreas head contained by

Answer 33

duodenum

Question 34

What part of the abdomen is the duodenum found in

Answer 34

upper right and ends upper left

Question 35

What part of the duodenum contain duodenal papilla

Answer 35

part 2

Question 36

What is the duodenal papilla

Answer 36

opening of the pancreatic duct and bile duct into the duodenum

Question 37

What parts of the duodenum are intraperiotoneal? Which are retroperitoneal

Answer 37

parts 1 and distal 4= retroperitoneal | parts 2-proximal 4 are intraperitoneal

Question 38

What structures are found behind the second part of the duodenum

Answer 38

right kidney, right renal artery, right renal vein

Question 39

What structures are found behind the first part of the duodenum

Answer 39

IVC

Question 40

What is SMA syndrome

Answer 40

3rd segment of duodenum becomes trapped between SMA and abdominal aorta--> obstruction resulting in vomiting, pain, and GERD

Question 41

SMA syndrome can affect the kidneys/testicles how

Answer 41

left renal vein compressed leads to varicocele

Question 42

When is SMA seen

Answer 42

in tall thin patients or those who have recently lost weight

Question 43

What is another name for the ligament of treitz

Answer 43

suspensory ligament of the duodenum

Question 44

Where is the ligament of treitz

Answer 44

from diaphragm to duodenum; 4th part

Question 45

What will result from contraction of the ligament of treitz

Answer 45

widens angle of duodenal jejunal flexure

Question 46

What landmark is used to differentiate upper and lower GI bleeds

Answer 46

Ligament of Treitz

Question 47

What are signs of upper GI bleed

Answer 47

hematemesis and melena

Question 48

What are signs of lower GI bleed

Answer 48

hematochezia

Question 49

What is the arterial supply to the duodenum

Answer 49

superior pancreaticoduodenal and inferior pancreaticoduodenal

Question 50

Where does venous blood from the duodenum drain

Answer 50

portal system

Question 51

What is the anastamosis between the SMA and celiac trunk

Answer 51

superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

Question 52

What are tenae coli

Answer 52

3 separate longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle that run the length of the colon

Question 53

What are haustra

Answer 53

puckers of the large intestine which churn and constrict to squirt the food forward

Question 54

What structure is found at the tip of the cecum

Answer 54

appendix

Question 55

How is the appendix attached to the cecum

Answer 55

mesoappendix

Question 56

What is McBurney's point

Answer 56

1/3 between ASIS and umbilicus used to locate appendix

Question 57

What parts of the large intestine are intraperitoneal

Answer 57

transverse and sigmoid

Question 58

What are three features of the small intestine

Answer 58

tenae coli haustra coli epiploic appendages

Question 59

What is the main function of the large intestine

Answer 59

absorption of fluid and formation of solid feces

Question 60

What are the 3 main branches off the celiac trunk

Answer 60

left gastric splenic common hepatic

Question 61

what are the anastomosis seen around the stomach

Answer 61

right and left gastric | right and left gastroepiploic

Question 62

What are the main branches off the SMA

Answer 62

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal middle colic, right colic, ileocolic intestinal arteries

Question 63

What are the main branches off IMA

Answer 63

sigmoidal left colic superior rectal

Question 64

Where will the IMA and SMA anastamose

Answer 64

left colic and middle colic

Question 65

What is the connection called for anastomosis between IMA and SMA

Answer 65

marginal artery of drummond

Question 66

WHat type of blood is contained within the portal system

Answer 66

poor oxygen but rich nutrients

Question 67

Where does the portal vein form

Answer 67

junction between superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein

Question 68

What are the 3 portal caval system

Answer 68

esophageal with left gastric paraumbilical with epigastric superior rectal with inferior rectal

Question 69

What occurrs with esophageal and left gastric portal caval anastomoses

Answer 69

esophageal varices

Question 70

What occurs with paraumbilical and epigastric anastomoses

Answer 70

hemorrhoids

Question 71

What occurs with superior rectal and inferior rectal anastamosis

Answer 71

caput medusae

Question 72

Where will the SMV drain

Answer 72

portal vein