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Clinical Functional Anatomy > Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Superior: diaphragm
Posterior: lumbar vertebrae and muscles
Lateral and anterior: abdominal muscles
Inferior: pelvic inlet - form sacral promontory to pubic symphysis along the pectineal line

A

Structures Between Thorax and Pelvis

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2
Q

What is the vertebral level of the renal artery, L diaphragm crus attachment (renal artery can be higher)

A

L2

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3
Q

Which plane is located on the L3 vertebral level?

A

a) . subcostal plane - 12th rib, inferior mesenteric arteries
b) . transpyloric plane- 1st part of the duodenum, 8thh intercostal space, superior mesenteric artery
c) . supracristal plane- umbilicus, abdominal aorta divides into R/L common illiac arteries
d) . intertubercular plane- IVC formed by R/L common veins

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4
Q

Name the 4 quadrants of the abdominal wall?

A

R Upper quadrant: liver duodenum
L Upper quadrant: stomach
R Lower quadrant: cecum and ascending colon **Mcburney’s point- appendix referral pain
L Lower quadrant: descending and sigmoid colon

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5
Q

What region is medial to the R and L lumbar/flank region?

A

a) .umbilic
b) .epigastric
c) .hypogastric/pubic

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6
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the posterior abdominal wall?

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

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7
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the lateral abdominal wall?

A

intercostal nerve- lateral cutaneous branch T6/T7 lateral cutaneous branch impingement by serratus anterior 2/2 shoulder problems.

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8
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the anterior wall of the abdomen?

A

intercostal nerve- anterior cutaneous branch

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9
Q

If a patient was injured and served T9 spinal nerves what vertebral level would lose sensation or have numbness and tingling?

A

a) . L3
b) . L2
c) . L1

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10
Q

T9 spinal root is at what vertebral level?

A

L3

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11
Q

What is the blood supply for the lateral wall of the abdomen?

A

posterior intercostal vessels

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12
Q

Superior and inferior epigastric vessels deep and superficial circumflex iliac artery is blood supply for the ________ abdominal wall

Clincial importance:
portal hypertension: caput-medusae

A

Anterior

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13
Q 
Skin 
Fatty Layer (Camper's)
Membranous layer (Scarpa's) 
External Oblique 
Internal Oblique 
Transversus abdomonis 
Transversalais fascia
Extraperitoneal fascia 
Parietal peritoneum
A

The 9 layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall

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14
Q

Clinical importance: testis descending, and herniation will ______ through the anterolateral abdominal layers of structures

A

push

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15
Q

External surface of 5th-12th ribs
Attaches to the iliac crest, linea alba, pubic tubercle, folds to form inguinal ligament
Function: compression of the abdominal cavity, stabilization of the pelvis ipsilateral SB, contralateral RT (L/R), trunk FLX (B)
Innervation: Intercostal nerves (T7-T12 )

A

a) .Internal oblique
b) .Transverse abdominis
c) .External oblique
d) .Rectus abdominis

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16
Q

The inferior border of 10th-12th ribs, thoracolumbar fascia
Attaches to the linea alba, anterior 2/3 iliac crest
Function: Core to support abdominal contents, and stabilize pelvis; ipsilateral SB and RT (L/R), trunk FLX elevates testes

Intercostal nerves T7-T12 and 2 branches of L1

  iliohypogastric: internal oblique 
   ilioinguinal: cremaster part

like the pair of external and internal intercostal

A

a) .Internal oblique
b) .Transverse abdominis
c) .External oblique
d) .Rectus abdominis

17
Q

Core muscles

intercostal nerves running between transverses abdominis and internal oblique

A

a) .Internal oblique
b) .Transverse abdominis
c) .External oblique
d) .Rectus abdominis

18
Q

6 pack muscles

Distal attachment narrows down and forms a weak point on the anterior abdominal wall

A

a) .Internal oblique
b) .Transverse abdominis
c) .External oblique
d) .Rectus abdominis

19
Q

A fusion of the aponeurosis creates the ______ and happens at the_______

A

rectus sheath and linea alba

internal/external oblique + transverse abdominis

20
Q

All 3 abdominal muscles of aponeurosis are superficial to the rectus abdominis. Does this occur below or above the arcuate line?

A

Below

21
Q

trans
subs
super
intratarbercula

A
22
Q

The supracristal plane lies at the ________

A

iliac crest, umbilicus, abdominal aorta divides into R/L common iliac arteries

L4 vertebral level

23
Q

The midline of the aponeurosis fiber exchange

A

Linea alba

24
Q

Intermuscular exchange from superficial to deep

A

Between opposite external and internal oblique

25
Q

landmark of development, completed in 3rd week of gestation
nutrients and oxygen exchange with mother’s blood

A

Placenta

26
Q

Within the foramen ovale _______ may not fully close

A

fossa ovalis

27
Q

What happens when there is an issue with the epigastric veins to IVC or SVC if IVC has problems too?

A

a) . portal hypertension; caput-medusae
b) . esophageal varices
c) . internal hemorrhoids

28
Q

External oblique aponeurosis: as a scaffold, distal part forms a superficial inguinal ring
Internal oblique muscle slip: cover inner structures cremaster muscles
Transverse abdominis: deep inguinal rings (spermatic/duct vessels in males, ligament teres in females)

A

Layers of of inguinal canal

29
Q

Most common abdominal hernia (3/4)
Abdominal contents enter the scrotum in males and the groin in females
occurs at deep inguinal ring

A

Indirect inguinal hernia

30
Q

weakness of the abdominal wall at Hesselbach’s (inguinal) triangle
Abdominal contents never enter the scrotum
can sometimes be predisposed

A

direct inguinal hernia

31
Q

Internal organs push outward when intra-abdominal pressure increases but return after
worsens with increasing intra-abdominal pressure

A

Diastasis recti

32
Q

Anterior layer: internal oblique
Middle layer: quadrates lumborum
Posterior layer: erector spinae/extrinsic back muscles

A
32
Q

Anterior layer: internal oblique
Middle layer: quadrates lumborum
Posterior layer: erector spinae/extrinsic back muscles

A

Thoracolumbar fascia

33
Q

What are the posterior core muscles?

A 
Multifdi 
psaos major (possible)
34
Q

Too much: hyperlordosis results in over stretch of the _______________, resulting in weakness

A

transverse abdominis

35
Q

What is McBureny’s point and what quadrant is it in?

A

appendix pain; R lower quadrant

Clinical Functional Anatomy (12 decks)

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