Eye, Nose & Ear Flashcards by Demond Fleming

What are the 7 orbit bones?

Frontal 
Sphenoid 
Ethmoid 
Palatine 
Lacrimal 
Maxilla 
Zygomatic

*medial wall faces forward but lateral wall face laterally

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Openings of Orbit: name bone and nerve

Supraorbital foramen/notch:

Frontal bone; Supraorbital nerve: V1 terminal branch

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Openings of Orbit: name bone and nerve

2. Optic Canal:

Sphenoid bone; Optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

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Openings of Orbit: name bone and nerve

3. Superior orbital fissure:

Sphenoid bone; CN V1, ophthalmic division

-CN III, IV, and VI: blood vessels

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Openings of Orbit: name bone and nerve

Ethomodial foramina:

-Ethmoid bone; ethmoidal nerves and arteries (nasociliary, V1 branches)

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Openings of Orbit: name bone and nerve

Nasolacrimal canal: lacrimal bone and maxilla

Lacrimal bone and maxilla

-nasolacrimal duct: drainage of tear

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Openings of Orbit: name bone and nerve

Inferior orbital fissure

sphenoid and maxilla

-venous plexus

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What is the function of the lacrymal apparatus?

Tear production:

moisture in the eye
emotional expression

Drainage of tear:

tear flows inferomedial across the eye to lacrimal canaliculi
lacrimal canacliculi into the nasolacrimal duct (opening in the inferior meatus of nose)

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What is the shuttle nerve for visceral motor innervation of the lachrymal apparatus:

CN V: Trigeminal N. as the shuttle

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What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic visceral motor innervation of the lachrymal apparatus:

Sympathetic: postganglionic axons from the superior cervical ganglion to form deep petrosal nerve
-postganglionic fibers hike zygomatic nerve (V2) to lacrimal (V1)

Parasympathetic: preganglionic axons from CN VII: facial n. to from greater petrosal nerve

*cross pterygoid canal: nerve of pterygoid canal**
- preganglionic axons form synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion

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What are the three layers of the orbit wall?

Out layer

  - sclera: white dense (most of the eyeball)
  - cornea: clear dense for light passing through

Choroid: blood vessel plexus

Retina: sensory circulation

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These are contents of what structure?
anterior and posterior chamber 
-Iris: pupil 
    -pupillary light reflex
-Ciliary body: lens 
-Vitreous body: humor

Contents in the eyeball

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What is the somatosensory innervation for the orbit?

Ophthalmic N. (V1) from CN V

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What is the neurovascular orbit supply (medial to lateral for the main branches V1)?

Nasociliary nerve
Frontal nerve: ciliary nerve, supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves
Lacrimal nerve: smallest branch

*NFL

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What is the blood supply of the orbit?

Ophthalmic artery from the internal carotid artery

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What are the branches of the ophthalmic artery?

Central retinal artery 
Ciliary artery 
Supraorbital artery 
Ethmoidal artery 
Lacrimal artery

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What does the supraorbital artery give blood supply to?

scalp and eye

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What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic: visceral motor innervation of the eyeball?

Sympatehtic: postganglionic fibers from superior cervical ganglion. hike long/shhort ciliary nerve

Parasymapthetic: preganglionic fibers from CN III (Oculomotor N.) to for, ciliary ganglion

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In the eyeball what does the ciliary body do?

modulate size of lens

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What is the innervation of the ciliary body?

Only innervated by the postganglionic fibers from ciliary ganglion (parasympathetic)

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What is the sympathtic function of te Iris?

dilate the pupil

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What is the parasympatetic funtion of the Iris?

Constrict the pupil-pupillary light relfex

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What CN is the afferent (toward) for the Iris?

Afferent; CN II

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What CN is efferent (away) for the Iris?

Efferent; CN III

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What syndrome is this referring to: - must be balanced - Constructed pupil - eyelid ptosis - no sweating on affected side

Horner's Syndrome

What are the structures of the eyelid?

Msucle tendons Orbital septum Palperbral ligamnet: Lateral/medial Tarus plate: superior/inferior

What is the nerve innervation for the eyelid?

V1: opthalamic (superior) and V2: maxillary (inferior) terminal nerve branches

What is the blood supply for the eyelid?

anstomosis of external and internal cartis arery terminal branches

What are the functions of the eyelid?

- Protecting | - Facial expression

What is the function of the orbicularis oculi: orbital part: palpebral part:

Close eyelid wink blink

What is bell's palsy?

cant close eye

What is the nerve innervation of Orbicularis oculi:

CN VII (Facial N.)

What is the function of the Levator Palpebrae Superioris?

Open eyelid

What is the muscle attachment of the levator palpebrae superioris? (proximal/distal)

prox: common tendinous ring attcahing posterior orbital wall distal: upper eyelid

What nerve innervates the levator palpebrae superioris? What deficit is can be related to this muscle/nerve?

CN III: Oculomotor Fully ptosis: dangerous triagnle/cavernosus sinus

Superior tarsal muscle function:

Open eyelid (open eyelid further when excited)

What is the muscle attachment of the superior tarsal muscle? (prox/distal)

Prox: musculotendinous junction of levator palpebrae superioris Distal: superior tarsal plate

What is the nerve innervation of the Superior Tarsal muscle? What deficit can be related to these muscles?

Sympathetic innervation from superior cervical ganglion Horners syndrome (sympathetic non-functional), partial ptosis (drooping eyes)

All extraocular msucles EXCECPT the inferior oblique proximal attachment is the common tendimous ring attaching the psoteror orbit wall. T or F?

True

What nerve innervates the 4 rectus muscles?

Inferior, Medial and Superior rectus muscles are innervated by CN III (oculomotor) Lateral Rectus inervated by CN VI (abdunces) -which means it abducts

What is the proximal attachment of the inferior oblique?

medial orbital of maxilla

What is the nerve innervation of the 2 oblique muscles?

``` CN III (oculomotor)- inferior oblique CN IV (trochlear) - superior oblique ```

What is the function of the superior oblique?

eyeball rolls down and outward

What is the function of the inferior oblique?

eyeball rolls up and outward

What is Esotropia:

adducted eyeballs; CN VI (abducens) palsy

What is Exotropia:

Abducted eyeball; medial rectus not working

What is hypertrophia:

Elevated eyeball(s): CN IV palsy

What is Hypotropia:

depressed eyeball(s): inferior oblique not working (CN III)

What are the three parts of the ear?

External ear Middle ear Inner ear

Location of the External ear:

from auricle tympanic membrane

Location of the middle ear:

tympanic cavity, between tympanic membrane and bony cages for vestibulocochlear

What connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx?

-pharyngotympanic tube/eustachian tube: connecting middle ear to the nasopharynx

Location of the inner ear:

-from vestibulocochlear organs to the internal acoustic meatus

What is elastic cartilage and the scaffold

Aurcile

Auditory ossicles: from lateral to medial

Malleus Incus Stapes

External Ear: sensory innervation ``` Tip of Ear Posteroinferior Center Posterior auditory canal External acoustic meatus: ```

CN V (trigeminal) C2 spinal nerves CN X (vagus) CN VII/IX and X (facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus) V3, CN VII, IX, & X (mandibular, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus)

Middle ear: sensory innervation

CN IX: glossophyrngeal n. | -viseral motor for mucosla glands, somatic snesory for general sensation

Internal ear: sensory innervation

special sensation organs- hearing nd proprioception/balance

What are the boundaries of the middle ear/tympanic cavity?

``` Anterior: internal carotid Lateral wall: tympanic membrane Medial: labyrinthine Roof: tegmental part of the temporal bone (middle cranial fossa) Posterior: mastoid sinus (aditus) Floor: internal jugular ```

What nerve innervates the anterior border of the tympanic cavity

lesser petrosal nerve

What nerve innervates the lateral wall of the tympanic cavity

CN V | -muscles malleus and tensor tympani

What nerve innervates the medial border of the tympanic cavity

lesser petrosal nerve- otic ganglion for parotid gland | CN VII: Facial N.

What nerve innervates the posterior border of the tympanic cavity

CN VII: Facial N.

What is hyperacusis?

a disorder in loudness perception

What is the nerve innervation for tensor tympani

CN V3 (trigeminal/mandibular)

What is the function of the tensor tympani?

tensing tympanic membrane, decreasing vibration thus dampening chewing noise **coordinated with mastication muscles innervated by CN V3**

What is the nerve innervation for the Stapedius muscles?

CN VII: Facial N.

What is the function of the Stapedius muscles? (smallest muscle in the body)

dampening vibrations passed to the cochlea via the oval window

What are the two compartments of the internal ear?

Cochlear and Vestibular compartment

What is the function of the cochlea compartment of the inner ear?

hearing through cochlear CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear N.)

What is the function of the vestibular compartment of the inner ear?

proprioception and balance CN VIII: (Vestibulocochlear N.)

What is the function of the Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)

stabilize the vision | -when driving head is wobbly all the time but stabilize gaze

What is the vestibulospinal reflex?

maintain upright posture | VCR is one subtype but specialized VSR

What is vestibulocollic reflex?

No bobblehead | neck muscles contract/relax according to to head position detected by the vestibular system

Wrong/insufficient motor response can result to fall and injury is called what

Imbalance: Colles/Smith facture

Boundaries of the nasal cavity:

Lateral wall: irregualr Medial wall: nasal septum Roof: narrow-frontal ethmoidal sphenoidal Floor: broad- maxilla (palatine processes) and palatine bone

Functions of the nasal cavity:

Repiraton Olfactions Drainage spaces if crinal sinuses and lacrimal gland

Functions of the drainage sinuses into the nasal cavity

Produce mucus to moisturize nasal cavity Lighten the skull Improve voice

Innervation of the nasal cavity:

``` Olfactory nerve CN V2 (somatic sensory) ```

Nasopalatine nerve V1 or V2?

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the nasal cavity (except vestibule)

Facial nerve | Hiking V1/V2

What is the blood supply of the nasal cavity?

Internal and external carotid a.

food stimulates the soft palate, elevates and prevents food get into the nasal cavity, and pharynx/larynx muscle contract to move food down the esophagus - Afferent: - Efferent

Swallowing reflex Afferent: CN IX Efferent CN X

CN X: innervates most of the ear?

True: - center - post. auditory canal - prominence ant. canal - external acoustic meatus

Where is the tympanic cavity located, external ear, middle ear or internal ear?

middle ear

Tensor tympani and mastication muscles are innervated by

CN V3

What ear muscles dapens chewing noises?

Tensor Tymani

What ear msicles dapens vibration passed to chochlea?

Where does mastoid sinus drain?

Middle ear through aditus, pharyngotympanic tube to nasopahrynx

Eye, Nose & Ear Flashcards

(89 cards)