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Clinical Functional Anatomy > Anterior Neck and Visceral Organs > Flashcards

Anterior Neck and Visceral Organs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the neck? (Superior & Inferior)

A

Superior: inferior border of mandible

Inferior: Transverse plane from manubrium to C7 spinous process
-weakest part in body

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2
Q

What are the apex and vocal process called?

A

Arytenoids

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3
Q

What structure has leaf-like elastic cartilage

  • depress: swallowing reflex
  • Elevate: breath/voice
A

epiglottis

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4
Q

Assembly of larynx

A

inferior articular facets of thyroid and cricoid cartilage

  • Cricoid articulates with arytenoids
  • Arytenoids articulate with corniculate and cuneiforms
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5
Q

Articular cartilage (osteoarthritis), cushion and minimize friction

A

Hyaline cartilage

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6
Q

What cartilage is shock absorbant, improve joint stability (labrum of GH and FA; menisci)

A

Fibrous cartilage

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7
Q

Neck Triangles:
Anterior triangle:
Borders: (superior, anterior, posterior)
Subdivisions:

Posterior Triangle

A

Anterior Border:

  • superior: mandibular inferior edge
  • anterior: midline of the neck (mandibular symphysis to jugular notch)
  • posterior: anterior border of SCM

Subdivisions:

  • submandibular triangle
  • submental triangle
  • carotid triangle: palpation of carotid pulse

Posterior Triangle:

  • anterior: posterior border of SCM
  • inferior: clavicle
  • posterior: anterior border of upper trapezius
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8
Q

What is superficial fascia called?

A

Platysma

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9
Q

What fascia is the levator scapulae in?

A

Investing fascia

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10
Q

Neck visceral organs are what fascia?

A

visceral fascia

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11
Q

Where are neurovascular structures of the neck located

A

Carotid sheath

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12
Q

Deep necks msucles are located in what fascia

A

Prevertebral fascia

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13
Q

What are the functions of fascia?

A

Protection and contains infection

Allows free movement of the neck during swallowing and turning

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14
Q

Which space can be dangerous in relation to the fascial spaces?

A

retropharyngeal space

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15
Q

Neck drainage:

Internal jugular vein: dural venous system and superficial vein drain into

A

Jugular vein

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16
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the Platysma

A

Cervical branch of CN VII: Facial N

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17
Q

What is the function of the Platysma:

A

depress mandible and lower face skin, elevate neck skin when mouth closed

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18
Q

What is the blood supply of the Platysma:

A

facial artery and submental artery

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19
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the Sternocleiodoidmastoid (SCM)

A

CN XI: Spinal accessory

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20
Q

What is the blood supply of the Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

A

Occipital and superior thyroid arteries

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21
Q

What is the function of the Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)?

A
  • Ipsilateral SB
  • Contralateral RT (R/L);
  • FLX (B)
  • Elevation thorax and shoulder
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22
Q

A unilateral impairment of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) results to

A

Torticollis (muscles of the neck that causes the head to tilt down)

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23
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the stylohyoid?

A

CN VIII: Facial N.

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24
Q

What is the function of the Stylohoid?

A

Hyoid elevation

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25
Q

What is the blood supply of the Stylohyoid?

A

superior thyroid artery and lingual artery

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26
Q

What nerves innervate the digastric: posterior and anterior belly

A

posterior belly: CN VII: Facial N.

anterior belly: CN V: Trigeminal N. mylohyoid branch

27
Q

What is the function of the digastric?

A

Hyoid elevation, retraction of mandible

28
Q

CN VII: Facial N. exits the stylomastoid foramen and innervates what two neck muscles before they branch out?

A

Posterior Belly of the Digastric and Stylohyoid

29
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the mylohyoid

A

CN V3 (mandibular)

30
Q

What is the prox/distal attachment of the Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

A

Manubrium and proximal clavicle

Mastoid process and superior nuchal line

31
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the Geniohyoid?

A

C1 hiking through hypoglossal nerve

32
Q

What is the function of the geniohyoid?

A

hyoid and floor of the mouth elevation, depression, and retraction of mandible

33
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the sternohyoid?

A

Ansa cervicalis

34
Q

What is the prox. and distal attachment of the sternohyoid?

A
  • posterior manubrium, clavicle and sternoclavicular

- Inferior border of hyoid

35
Q

What is the function of the sternohyoid?

A

Hyoid and larynx depression

36
Q

The sternohyoid and sternothyroid share the same nerve innervation and blood supply which is

A

Ansa cervicalis, and superior thyroid artery

37
Q

What is the function of sternohyoid?

A

depression of thyroid cartilage and larynx

38
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the omohyoid

A

Ansa cervicalis

39
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the thyrohyoid? (same as geniohyoid)

A

C1 hiking through hypoglossal nerve

40
Q

What muscles are in the infrahyoid?

A

Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Sternothryroid
Thyrohyoid

41
Q

What bone is the only bone that DOES NOT articulate with others?

A

hyoid

42
Q

What is the only bone that DOES NOT articulate with others?

A

hyoid

43
Q

What is another name for laryngeal prominence?

A

Adam’s Apple

44
Q

The infrahyoid, suprahyoid, SCM, and Traps are a part of what fascia?

A

Investing fascia

45
Q

Brachial plexus root/trunks and subclavian artery get impinged by anterior and middle scalenes can cause what?

A

Thoracic outlet syndrome

46
Q

What are the contents of the carotid sheath?

  • internal
  • lateral
  • posterior
A

Internal: Carotid Artery
Lateral: internal jugular vein
Posterior: Vagus Nerve

Spinal accessory n. CN XI
Hypoglossal n. CN XII
Sympatheic trunk

47
Q

Which of the following glands have a correlation with frozen shoulder?

A

Thyroid Gland

48
Q

What gland regulates calcium in the blood?

A

Parathyroid gland

49
Q

The visceral innervation for thyroid/parathyroid gland: the superior laryngeal nerve is myelinated or unmyelinated?

A

Sensory: myelinated (faster electrical signals)

50
Q

Prox and distal attachment of the stylohyoid?

A

P: styloid process
D: hyoid body

51
Q

Prox and distal attachment of the Digastric?

A

P: mastoid notch (posterior belly)
P: inferior border of mandible (anterior belly)

D: Common tendon hyoid body

52
Q

Prox and distal attachment of the mylohyoid?

A

P: Mylohyoid line on mandible

D: Hyoid body

53
Q

Prox and distal attachment of the Geniohyoid?

A

P: mandibular inferior mental spine

D: Anterior hyoid body

54
Q

Prox and distal attachment of the anterior scalene?

A

P: anterior tubercle of TP C3-C6

D: Scalene tubercle 1st Rib

55
Q

Prox and distal attachment of the Middle Scalene?

A

P: Posterior tubercle of TP C2-C7

D: Upper surface of Rib 1

56
Q

What is the function of the anterior scalene?

A
  • Neck ipsilateral SB,
  • contralateral RT,
  • FLX (B)
  • 1st rib elevation
57
Q

What is the function of the Middle Scalene?

A

Neck ipsilateral SB; 1st rib elevation

58
Q

Anterior scalene: nerve innervation and artery supply

A

N: Ventral rami C4-C6

A: Ascending cervical artery

59
Q

MIddle scalene: nerve innervation and artery supply

A

N: Ventral rami of spinal nerve C2-C8
A: Ascending cervical artery

60
Q

Posterior scalene: nerve innervation and artery supply?

A

N: Ventral rami: C6-C8

A: Ascending Cervical

61
Q

The function of the posterior scalene:

A

Neck ipsilateral SB,

62
Q

Longus capitis, Longus Colli, Rectus Capitis Anterior, and Rectus Capitis Lateralis are ________ of the neck muscle

A

core

-forward head: overstretch

63
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located in relation to the carotid sheath?

A

Medial

64
Q

Visceral organs in the somatic components: Arrector pili, sweat glands, blood vessels are parasympathetic or sympathetic?

A

Sympathetic

Clinical Functional Anatomy (12 decks)

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