ABES Oral Board Revision Flashcards

Question

Non-radio full overdue action

Answer 1

Commence not later than 1 hour after ETA 1. Notify parent ACC that ACFT is now fully overdue and state action already taken 2. In consultation with ACC, continue endeavours to trace ACFT

Answer 2

Commence not later than 30 mins after estimated time position report should have been made over reporting point 1. Advise ACC supervisor that ACFT is overdue 2. Confirm ATD from departure aerodrome 3. Ensure RQS message is sent

Answer 3

If, after preliminary action, there is no news Or 1 hour has elapsed since scheduled position report should have been received Or Fuel carried by ACFT is considered exhausted Whichever is sooner, controller at destination aerodrome shall inform ACC supervisor that ACFT is fully overdue

Answer 4

If an ACFT cleared to commence approach fails to land within 5 minutes of estimated time of landing and communication cannot be established… 1. **A**lert Approach Radar 2. **R**equest other ACFT in the vicinity to keep a lookout 3. **E**xercise caution when authorising movement of aerodrome traffic 4. **A**lert emergency services 5. **C**heck with other aerodromes in the vicinity 6. **I**f necessary, send a RQS message 7. **A**dvise ACC supervisor **AREA CIA**

Answer 5

- **RED** - Credible threat relating to specific target or where caller has identified themselves or organisation involved. Likely to involve danger to people, property and/or operational/commercial activities and therefore requires immediate protective measures - **AMBER** - Doubtful credibility but still prudent to consider additional protective measures, especially if there are doubts about effectiveness of existing countermeasures - **GREEN** - Non-credible threat requiring no further action N.B. ATC should not take part in threat assessment. Aerodrome authorities/airline operators take lead and have specialist assessors. Pilot may or may not be involved in analysis

Answer 6

- **Distress** - A condition of being threatened by serious and imminent danger and of requiring immediate assistance - *MAYDAY* - **Urgency** - A condition concerning the safety of an ACFT, vehicle, person on board or within sight but does not require immediate assistance - *PAN PAN*

Answer 7

1. MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY (for distress) or PAN PAN PAN PAN PAN PAN (for urgency) 2. Station addressed (time and circumstance permitting), ACFT callsign and type 3. Nature of emergency 4. Intentions of pilot + present/last known position, level and heading 5. Qualification of pilot e.g. student, IMC or full instrument rating (urgency messages) 6. As much other information as time permits

Answer 8

**Distress (MAY DAY)** - Signalling SOS with signalling apparatus … --- … - Succession of pyrotechnical lights fired at short intervals, each showing single red light - Parachute flare showing red light **Urgency (PAN PAN)** - Switching landing lights on and off repeatedly - Switching nav lights on and off repeatedly - A succession of white pyrotechnical lights - Signalling XXX with signalling apparatus (very urgent message) -..--..--..-

Answer 9

- 7700 - ACFT Emergency - 7600 - Radio failure - 7500 - Hijack or other act of violence

Answer 10

- Over water or above 10000ft agl - If above is impracticable or inconsistent with safety then above 7000ft agl in winter and above 4000ft in summer **Coordination** - Route - Level - Estimated duration - Frequency monitored N.B. For fuel to be jettisoned below these levels, the situation must be unavoidable. Not over cities or densely populated areas or near thunderstorms

Answer 11

**ACFT accidents which have occurred/are inevitable on, or in the vicinity of the aerodrome** An ACFT accident has occurred when an ACFT, manned or unmanned, receives substantial damage or causes death or serious injury or damage to property N.B. Category of emergency

Answer 12

ACFT on the ground known to have an emergency situation other than an accident, requiring the attendance of emergency services N.B. Category of emergency

Answer 13

When it is known that an ACFT in the air is, or is suspected to be, in such difficulties that there is danger of an accident N.B. Category of emergency. Pilot should be asked to confirm ACFT type unless it is confirmed from another source that flight plan is correct

Answer 14

When it is known that an ACFT has, or is suspected to have, developed some defect which would not normally involve any serious difficulty in effecting a safe landing N.B. Category of emergency. Pilot should be asked to confirm ACFT type unless it is confirmed from another source that flight plan is correct

Answer 15

When weather conditions are such as to render landing difficult or difficult to observe E.g. Strong crosswind, poor visibility, ice or snow on the runway N.B. Category of emergency

Answer 16

**Definition** Sustained change in wind velocity along ACFT flight path which occurs significantly faster than the can accelerate or decelerate **Wind shear could occur** 1. In presence of frontal/squall/thunderstorm activity 2. In presence of low level inversions 3. When local terrain or buildings cause change in wind speed/direction **Phraseology** “At time _____, a departing/arriving ACFT TYPE reported wind shear at HEIGHT. Airspeed loss/gain _____ knots, strong left/right drift” Put on ATIS and inform inbound/outbound ACFT until confirmed that it no longer exists N.B. ACFT may exceed missed approach altitude. Pass traffic information as necessary

Answer 17

Request supplementary flight plan message

Answer 18

**E** - Endurance E/0430 **P** - POB P/005 not P/5 **R** - Radio **U**HF **V**HF **E**LT **S** - Survival **P**olar **D**esert **M**aritime **J**ungle **J** - Jackets **L**ife jackets **F**lourescent **D** - Dinghies **A** - ACFT colour **N** - Remarks **C** - Pilot in command

Answer 19

— = Yes —— = No ——— = Say again ———— = Homing —..— = Further emergency Long transmission = Manoeuvre complete **Closed questions only** N.B. Speechless 1 callsign may be adopted/allocated if callsign unknown

Answer 20

Green flashing light/pyrotechnic: - By day = May I land in a different direction to the T? - By night = May I land?

Answer 21

**Steady Red** - On Ground - STOP - In Air - Give way to other ACFT and continue circling **Red Pyrotechnic** Do not land for the time being **Flashing Red** - On Ground - Move clear of landing area - In Air - Do not land, aerodrome unsafe **Steady Green** - On Ground - Cleared for TKOF - In Air - Cleared to land **Flashing Green** - On Ground - Cleared to taxi - In Air - Return to aerodrome and wait for permission to land **Flashing White** - On Ground - Return to starting point - In Air - Land at this aerodrome and proceed to apron (landing and taxi clearances to follow) N.B. Above is acknowledged by rocking wings/moving ailerons or rudder. By night, flash twice the ACFTs landing lights or nav lights

Answer 22

**A** - Emergency, Police Emergency, Medical Emergency **B** - SAR, Humanitarian, Post Accident Flight Checks, Open Skies Flights, Normal Police Ops **C** - Royal Flights, Flights Carrying Visiting Heads of State (Notified by NOTAM) **D** - Heads of Government and Senior Ministers **E** - Calibration Flights **Normal Flights and Exam Flights** **Z** - Training, Non-Standard, Other

Answer 23

**121.6MHz** - Use on ground only, ACFT must also listen out with ATC. Fire won’t know callsign of ACFT - ATC should inform RFFS of POB, dangerous goods and whether the ACFT is evacuating

Answer 24

- Responsibility of aerodrome operator/ACFT owner/operator - If there is a reportable accident, AAIB needs to give permission for removal - If the crashed ACFT could further endanger life, even if it is a reportable accident, senior controller to inform aerodrome operator to seek its emergency removal. E.g. other arriving ACFT having insufficient fuel for diversion

Answer 25

1. Acknowledge report from pilot 2. Seek as much information as possible from pilot: (a) Time (b) Altitude and position (c) Description of laser (d) Any avoiding action (e) Any impact upon vision 3. Anticipate pilot adopting manoeuvres to minimise impact 4. Dial 999 - inform police 5. Warn other ACFT in vicinity 6. Record in watch log and complete SRG 1602

Answer 26

1. Look away if possible 2. Shield eyes, use blinds if feasible 3. Advise ACFT under your control that a laser is illuminating you 4. Avoid rubbing eyes to reduce potential corneal abrasion 5. Increase ambient light if feasible 6. Consider handing over control to a colleague in position not exposed to laser 7. Inform supervisor, aerodrome operator and pass information to police 8. Ensure laser attack is recorded in watch log and on SRG 1602

Answer 27

**Aerodrome’s Contingency Plan** Drawn up in conjunction with the local Police

Answer 28

Acts or attempted acts such as to jeopardise the safety of civil aviation & air transport

Answer 29

**Emergency Orders** should contain the details of the action to be taken in the case of ACFT accidents occurring outside the aerodrome boundaries

Answer 30

- Preparation of detailed aerodrome **emergency orders** - Determining radius of action of aerodrome fire service - Advising ATC & ACFT operators when fire cat depleted

Answer 31

- Fire in training exercise (danger, smoke drifting) - Fire in terminal - Road traffic collision in vicinity of aerodrome - Local flooding N.B. Category of emergency

Answer 32

From left to right from the point of view of the pilot looking forward

Answer 33

- CAT RED flights or where no time to categorise treated as emergency and given flight priority A - CAT AMBER - May be treated as emergency and given flight priority A if deemed necessary by NatRep (National Representative of the Air Defence Authority) - When captain initiates distress message with “bomb on board”, expect request to land immediately at nearest suitable aerodrome - NatRep responsible for deciding landing aerodrome and route to get there, including whether not ACFT overflies densely populated areas - Prestwick, Humberside, military preference - Coordinate with ACC supervisor - Do not provide advice or suggestions to crew regarding explosive device - Any ATC agency required to send a message on behalf of a National Authority should do so verbatim - File an MOR

Answer 34

- Continue to transmit information pertinent to safe conduct of flight, without expecting a reply from the ACFT - Monitor and plot progress of flight with means available, and coordinate transfer of control with adjacent ATS units without requiring transmissions/other responses from ACFT, unless comms with the ACFT remains normal - “(CALLSIGN), confirm you are squawking assigned code” (DO NOT MENTION 7500) - Government may withhold clearance to enter national airspace/land at an airfield using following phraseology: (i) (CALLSIGN), I am instructed by His Majesty’s Government to refuse entry into United Kingdom Airspace. What are your intentions? (II) (CALLSIGN), I am instructed by His Majesty’s Government to inform you that landing clearance has been refused for any airfield within the United Kingdom (iii) (CALLSIGN), I am instructed by His Majesty’s Government that you are to hold at (LOCATION ON AERODROME, EXACT REPORTING POINT, OR LAT/LONG) at (LEVEL). Acknowledge - Coordinate with ACC Supervisor/Police/Fire/Company/Pilot/D&D/Ops for buses, evacuation

Answer 35

- ACFT squawks 7600 and pilot does not respond to ATC - Comms cannot be maintained with ACFT being provided with an ATC or advisory service - Comms cannot be established with IFR ACFT in controlled or advisory airspace **Consider that it might not be radio failure** - ACFT may have selected incorrect frequency or may be outside of designated operational RT coverage - Other ACFT could be used to relay transmissions N.B. Radio failure should not be considered in isolation and emergency action should also be applied if appropriate

Answer 36

- **For lost pilots with radio fail (transmitter only or complete) - last resort to indicate assistance required** - At least two triangular patterns before resuming course - **ACFT Speed 300kts or less** - Length of leg: 2 mins, Transmitter failure only: Right hand turns, Complete failure: Left hand turns - **ACFT Speed more than 300kts** - Length of leg: 1 min, Transmitter failure only: Right hand turns, Complete failure: Left hand turns - If observed, advised D&D of position and track and continue to plot while within ATS Cover N.B. Be aware of wind

Answer 37

**7400**: UAV lost **0033**: Parachute dropping **0030**: Lost **0031**: Found **0020**: Air ambulance **0024**: Calibration

Answer 38

Identified by: - Squawk 7500 IF SEEN DO NOT MENTION 7500 - Reports from unofficial sources - Open RT transmitter - Political statements over the RT - Threats passed by third parties

Answer 39

- Shall attend promptly to requests - ACFT given priority and expedition - Avoid notifying other ACFT unless already been done - Reduced separation between Hijacked ACFT allowed if asked for by commander - Relay all messages to authority - Transmit flight related information as normal and monitor progress of flight

Answer 40

- Watch Supervisor at parent ACC - Information hijacks in European airspace to be reported to other states - Reporting action listed in national procedures

Answer 41

- Call APC - Hold ACFT - Obtain clearance - Pass diversion to ACFT - Pass alternate weather if required - Advise operator - Notify Aerodrome operator - Consider liaising with ACC if aerodrome due to close - Notify aerodrome of departure - Notify destination aerodrome - Notify ACC's serving route - Notify route charge

Answer 42

(ACFT CALLSIGN) (ATCU CALLSIGN), roger Mayday/Pan

Answer 43

All stations (ATCU CALLSIGN), stop transmitting – Mayday

Answer 44

All stations (ATCU CALLSIGN) distress traffic ended

Answer 45

Mayday (ACFT CALLSIGN) all other ACFT contact (STATION) on (FREQUENCY) out

Answer 46

The unlawful seizure or exercise of control of an ACFT by use of force or threats

Answer 47

Movement on the ground and flight of an ACFT by an unauthorised person or for an illegal purpose E.g. Intent to defect, effect escape of prisoners/special hospital patients, furtherance of crime including terrorism

Answer 48

A situation in which, in the opinion of the pilot or a controller, the distance between ACFT as well as their relative positions and speeds have been such that the safety of the ACFT involved was or may have been compromised

Answer 49

May enter CAS if already cleared to do so. Otherwise, remain clear of CAS, unless overriding safety reason compels entry. There may be local procedures. - Squawk 7600 - Time - For 7 minutes, maintain current speed and last assigned level (or MSA if higher). If on SID, fly the SID and then, for remainder of 7 minutes (maintain as above) - Adjust - after 7 minutes, adjust speed and level as per flight plan and continue to appropriate designated landing aid serving destination. Continue to transmit position reports. Include altitude/flight level over routine reporting points. - RNAV Offset/Vectored - If being vectored without a limit or offset RNAV, continue on last acknowledged instruction for 3 minutes only, then rejoin current flight plan route. Remain at or above MSA. - Over - Fly over designated landing aid as close to last acknowledged ETA at the highest MSA in account of en-route terrain clearance - Profile - If following a STAR, after 7 minutes arrange descent as close as possible to descent planning profile. If no profile published, descend to minimum published level at designated Initial Approach Fix - Descend - Begin further descent at last acknowledged EAT. In none, calculated ETA. If necessary, remain in holding pattern until minimum holding level, ROD not less than 500fpm. If delay not determined, do no land, divert to flight planned alternate or another suitable aerodrome - Instrument Approach Procedure - Carry out as specified, if possible, land within 30 minutes EAT or calculated ETA. Take account of visual landing aids and watch for visual signals - Radar - If RT fails during radar approach, continue visually or by using alternative aid. If not practical, execute missed approach and continue to holding facility for aerodrome of intended landing to which IAP is notified and carry out that procedure

Answer 50

**Airborne Collision Avoidance System** - ACFT system based on transponder signals - Operates independently of ground based equipment - Provides advice to pilot on potential conflicting ACFT that are equipped with transponders

Answer 51

TCAS II Software Version 7 N.B. TCAS - Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System. TCAS and ACAS terms are often used interchangeably

Answer 52

All civil turbine engine ACFT having a Maximum TKOF Mass (MTOM) **exceeding 5700kg** or a maximum approved seating configuration of **more than 19**

Answer 53

- **Mode A/C** - Give both TA and RA but only if Mode C available. If conflicting ACFT is not reporting altitude, TA may be given but not RA - **Mode S** - Communicate with each other and agree course of action - TCAS depends entirely on SSR, therefore, if conflict ACFT not transponding, no TCAS warning given

Answer 54

- **Other Traffic** - Hollow cyan or white diamond - Non-altitude reporting and none threat - **Proximate Traffic** - Solid cyan or white diamond - Any target within 6nm and 1200ft - **Intruders** - Solid yellow or amber circle - Triggers TA - 20-48 seconds before closest point of approach - “Traffic Traffic” - **Threats** - Solid red square - Triggers RA - Starts conflict resolution process up to 35 seconds before closest point of approach - E.g. “Climb, climb now”

Answer 55

**Traffic Advisory warning** - Typically 45 seconds before assumed collision - Pilots advised not to take avoiding action on basis of TA alone but may ask for traffic information - Pilot looks for confliction ACFT visually and does not manoeuvre N.B. Time varies with altitude

Answer 56

**Resolution Advisory warning** - Typically 30 seconds before assumed collision - Pilot receives advice to climb, descend or maintain existing flight profile. Rate of climb or descent may also be given - Pilot expected to respond immediately but have been instructed to restrict manoeuvres to the minimum necessary to resolve confliction - Advise ATC ASAP and return to original flight path as soon as it is safe to do so N.B. Time varies with altitude

Answer 57

- High vertical speed, particularly at low level in congested airspace - Ground testing of transponders

Answer 58

- Acknowledge with **“(CALLSIGN), Roger”**. Do not issue instructions to the ACFT - ATC responsibility ceases for provision of separation from affected traffic - Controller should not routinely pass traffic information to ACFT conducting RA manoeuvres, or other ACFT affected by such manoeuvres - Controller shall resume responsibility for providing separation for affected ACFT once pilot reports clear of conflict and controller acknowledges that ACFT has resumed current clearance or they have issued alternative instructions which flight crew have acknowledged

Answer 59

- Enhanced RA “Increase Descent” below 1450ft agl - Descend RA below 1100ft agl - All RAs below 1000ft agl - All spoken messages below 500ft agl - RAs also inhibited when some terrain avoidance systems or wind shear warnings are active

Answer 60

- 72 hours - MOR scheme N.B. Report does not absolve the controller from additionally reporting an AIRPROX or other report about the same incident, according to circumstances

Answer 61

- The words AIRPROX report - Position at time of incident - Time of incident - Altitude/FL (Climbing, descending or level flight) - Heading - Brief details of incident including first sighting and miss distance - Weather conditions **Senior controller actions** - Inform ACC supervisor - Inform ACFT operators according to local unit instructions - Submit an MOR

Answer 62

**Distress and Diversion Cell** - Provide emergency and fixing service for civil and military ACFT, SAR alerting service, facilities for practicing emergencies for pilots and controllers, regional pressure settings, weather and airfield information - Based at Swanwick - 121.5Mhz and 243MHz (military) - Callsign London Centre - Executive control over all ACFT emergencies in England, Scotland and Wales. Limited coverage in Northern Ireland **Auto Triangulation Coverage** - London FIR - Over land east of Wales and South of Manchester at and above 3000ft amsl and within 40nm of Heathrow, at and above 2000ft amsl - Scottish FIR - At and above 8500ft amsl, reducing to 2000ft-5000ft amsl over the sea, lowland areas and Scottish TMA

Answer 63

- Offer as much assistance as possible - Provide information on aerodrome availability and associated approach aids, weather and details of terrain clearance - Coordinate with Approach, ACC, Airline Operator, Aerodrome authority and D&D - Provide an alerting service

Answer 64

- Forward message to station being called and or ACC supervisor - Attempt to establish two way comms with ACFT - Give every assistance to emergency ACFT

Answer 65

When emergency ACFT is within radius of action of aerodrome fire service, otherwise, done through ACC supervisor

Answer 66

- Co-ordinating the operation unless immediately effective action can be taken at the originating unit - Taking alerting action - Alerting D&D

Answer 67

Aerodrome operator and RFFS immediately

Answer 68

- RAF or USAF - Humberside - Prestwick

Answer 69

Heathrow, Gatwick or Manchester

Answer 70

- Unauthorised deviation from cleared flight plan - Refusal or inability to comply with ATC with no good reason - Unauthorised changes of SSR codes or extended use of IDENT - Non-standard RT or political statements - Open transmitter from cockpit - Report from unofficial source or nonspecific threat via 3rd party

Answer 71

- All ACFT provided with an air traffic service - In so far as practicable, to all ACFT having filed a flight plan or otherwise know to ATSU - Any ACFT known or believed to be subject of unlawful interference

Answer 72

An occurrence associated with operation of an ACFT which, in case of manned aircraft, takes place between time any person boards an ACFT with intention of flight until such time as all such persons have disembarked, or in case of unmanned ACFT, takes place between time ACFT is ready to move with purpose of flight until such time as it comes to rest at the end of flight and primary propulsion system is shut down, in which: 1. A person is fatally or seriously injured OR 2. ACFT sustained damage or structural failure which adversely affects structural strength, performance, or flight characteristics. OR 3. ACFT missing or completely inaccessible

Answer 73

- CPDLC - SELCAL - Speechless code using carrier wave - ALDIS lamps

Answer 74

- Responding to an ATC instruction to orbit or other manoeuvre instruction - Responding to ATC instruction to squawk ident (if ACFT is fitted with a transponder)

ABES Oral Board Revision Flashcards

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