ABG Values

Question 1

Normal blood ph

Answer 1

7.35-7.45

Question 2

Normal PaCO2

Answer 2

35-45 mmHg

Question 3

Normal PaO2

Answer 3

80-100 mmHg

Question 4

Normal HCO3-

Answer 4

22-26 mEq/L

Question 5

Hypercapnia

Answer 5

PaCo2 > 45 mmHg

Question 6

Hypocapnia

Answer 6

PaCO2 < 35 mmHg

Question 7

Hypoxemia

Answer 7

PaO2 < 80 mmHg

Question 8

Mild hypoxemia

Answer 8

PaO2 60-79 mmHg

Question 9

Moderate hypoxemia

Answer 9

PaO2 40-59 mmHg

Question 10

Severe hypoxemia

Answer 10

PaO2 < 40 mmHg

Question 11

Hypoxia definition

Answer 11

Low level of O2 in the TISSUE despite adequate perfusion

Question 12

.If you see PaCO2 > 45 mmHg and pH < 7.40

Answer 12

Respiratory Acidosis

Question 13

If you see PaCO2 > 45 mmHg and pH > 7.40

Answer 13

Retention of CO2 to compensate for metabolic acidosis

Question 14

If you see PaCO2 <35 mmHg and pH >7.40

Answer 14

Respiratory Alkalosis

Question 15

If you see PaCO2 < 35 mmHg and pH < 7.40

Answer 15

Elemintation of CO2 to compensate for metbolic acidosis

Question 16

HCO3 - < 22 mmHg and pH < 7.40

Answer 16

Metabolic Acidosis

Question 17

HCO3- > 26 mmHg and pH > 7.40

Answer 17

Metabolic Alkalosis

Question 18

Signs/Sx of Respiratory Acidosis

Answer 18

HA, anxiety/restlessness, blurred vision, confusion

Question 19

Signs/sx of Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer 19

Caused by Hyperventilation**
dizziness
bloating
feeling lightheaded
numbness or muscle spasms in the hands and feet
discomfort in the chest area
confusion
dry mouth
tingling in the arms
heart palpitations
feeling short of breath

Question 20

Signs/sx of Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 20

rapid and shallow breathing, confusion, fatigue. headache, sleepiness, lack of appetite, jaundice, increased heart rate

Question 21

Signs/sx of Metabolic Alkalosis

Answer 21

Confusion (can progress to stupor or coma)
Hand tremor
Lightheadedness
Muscle twitching
Nausea, vomiting
Numbness or tingling in the face, hands, or feet.
Prolonged muscle spasms (tetany)

Question 22

Purpose of ABG procedure

Answer 22

To evaluate blood pH, ventilation (CO2), and blood oxygenation (O2)