ABGs Flashcards by Alice Richards

ABGs measure arterial (5 things)

pO2

pCO2

bicarb

O2 sat

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primary buffer system of the body

carbonic acid/bicarbonate system

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in the carbonic acid/bicarbonate system, CO2 is regulated by the

lungs

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in the carbonic acid/bicarbonate system, bicarb is regulated by the

kidneys

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equation of life

HCO3 + H+ → ← H2CO3 →← CO2 + H2O

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lungs release CO2 → increased blood CO2 =

respiratory acidosis

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decreased blood CO2 levels =

respiratory alkalosis

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kidneys increase blood bicarb =

metabolic alkalosis

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kidneys decrease blood bicarb =

metabolic acidosis

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ABGs are ordered for

critically ill pt

ventilate pt

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normal pH

7.36-7.44

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normal pCO2

35-45 mmHg

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pCO2 gives you information about

lung function → CO2 excretion

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elevated pCO2 implies

inadequate ventilation

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normal blood carriage of pCO2 in plasma

10%

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what % of pCO2 is in RBC

90%

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where does the equation of life occur

kidneys

RBC

lungs

mainly kidneys and RBC

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which has higher pCO2 - arteries or veins

veins

venous blood takes the CO2 to the periphery

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normal pO2 range

80-100 mmHg

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levels < __ suggest significant reduction in hgb sat and impaired O2 delivery

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is pO2 lower in veinous or arterial blood

lower in venous blood

arteries carry it to periphery

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normal bicarb levels

22-26 mEq/L

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what is CO2 on an electrolyte panel measuring

venous bicarb

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on a lyte panel, __ and

__ mirror one another

venous CO2 and bicarb

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negative base excess =

metabolic acidosis

positive base excess =

metabolic alkalosis or compensation to respiratory acidosis

respiratory alkalosis can occur with

**hyperventilation** **anxiety** overventilation of patients on ventilators

pH in respiratory alkalosis will be

high

pCO2 in respiratory alkalosis will be

low

respiratory acidosis occurs with what conditions

COPD asthma drug overdose PNA hypoventilation

pH in respiratory acidosis

low

pCO2 in respiratory acidosis

high

what conditions cause metabolic alkalosis

loss of gastric acid → vomiting diuretic usage

pH in metabolic alkalosis

high

bicarb in metabolic alkalosis

high

metabolic acidosis occurs with

DKA starvation alcoholics lactic acidosis

pH in metabolic acidosis

low

HCO3 in metabolic acidosis

low

MUDPILES

***causes of metabolic acidosis*** methanol poisoning uremia DKA propylene glycol INH or Iron lactic acid ethanol salicylates

electrolyte panel includes

Na K Cl CO2

Na+ nl

135-145 meq/l

K+ normal

3.5-4.5 meq/l

Cl nl

98-106 meq/l

CO2 nl

23-30 meq/l ***mirrors bicarb on lytes panel***

metabolic alkalosis and acidosis will cause _ changes bc water and sodium are regulated by the \_\_

electrolyte kidney

anion gap is the

difference btw cations and anions in extracellular space

nl ion gap

3-11 mEq/L

anion gap evaluates

metabolic acidosis

anion gap equation

Na-(Cl+CO2)

increased anion gap indicates

increased negatively charged weak acids

steps to interpreting ABGs

1. look at pH → acidosis or alkalosis? 2. check the CO2 → respiratory indicator 3. check the HCO3 → metabolic indicator 4. what is primary disorder → resp or metabolic

CO2 \<35 =

respiratory alkalosis

CO2 \> 45 =

respiratory acidosis

HCO3 \< 22 =

metabolic acidosis

HCO3 \> 26 =

metabolic alkalosis

if pH is low then look to see if CO2 or HCO3 is acidosis →

high CO2 → respiratory acidosis low bicarb → metabolic acidosis

if pH is high then look to see if CO2 or HCO3 is alkalosis →

low CO2 → respiratory alkalosis high bicarb → metabolic alkalosis

Interpreting ABGs

the value that matches the pH indicates

the primary disorder

compensation refers to when

the respiratory and renal systems compensate for one another

kidneys compensate __ than the lungs

slower

in compensation, if the nonprimary system is in the normal range that means that

compensation is NOT happening

most common places to obtain ABGs

brachial and radial arteries

the Allen test is used for

evaluation of collateral circulation of radial artery BEFORE you do a radial stick for ABG

pt breathing in respiratory alkalosis

fast breathing

in order for true compensation to occur, the __ has to be normal

is this compensation: acidodic: pH alkalotic: CO2 bicarb: acidodic

this is metabolic acidosis, but w.o compensation bc the pH is not normal ***this is attempted compensation***

iSAT uses __ blood instead of arterial blood

capillary

ABGs Flashcards

(68 cards)