Schoenwald Respiratory Pathogens/Tx

Question 1

Pertussis

Answer 1

pathogen: bortadella pertussis

tx: macrolides

prevention: macrolides

Question 2

pneumocystitis PNA

Answer 2

pathogen: pneumocystis jerovecci (fungus)

tx: Bactrim

prophylaxis: Bactrim

Question 3

active TB

Answer 3

pathogen: myobacterium tuberculosis

tx:

Rifampin

Isoniazid

Pyrazinamide

Ethambutol

Question 4

latent TB

Answer 4

pathogen: myobacterium tuberculosis

tx: Rifampin qd

Question 5

TB - AIDS

Answer 5

tx:

Isoniazid

Streptomycin/Clindamycin → 2nd line tx to replace Rifampin

Pyrazinamide

Ethambutol

Question 6

TB - Pregnant

Answer 6

Isoniazid

Rifampin

Ethambutol

Question 7

Bronchiectasis

Answer 7

tx: Fluoroquinolones

Question 8

CF - stenotrophomonas

Answer 8

Bactrim

Fluoroquinolones

Question 9

CF - pseudomonas

Answer 9

inhaled tobramycin

Fluoroquinolones

Question 10

COVID19 - hospitalized pt

Answer 10

Remdesivir

Dexamethasone

Question 11

COVID19 outpt

Answer 11

monoclonal abs

Question 12

COVID19 - prevention

Answer 12

Molnupiravir

Question 13

CAP

Answer 13

pathogen:

streptococcus pneumoniae

tx:

no comorbidities or risk for MRSA/pseudomonas:

Amoxicillin 1 gm TID

Doxycycline 100 mg bid

OR

Macrolides if local pneumococcal resistance <25%

+ comorbidities:

Augmentin

OR

cephalosporin + doxycycline

OR

monotherapy w. Fluoroquinolones

Question 14

H.flu

Answer 14

tx:

1. Augmentin
2. Cephalosporins
3. Fluoroquinolones

Question 15

Legionella Pneumophilla - Legionaire’s Dz

Answer 15

pathogen: atypical pathogens

Legionella pneumophila → highest mortality PNA

tx:

Macrolides

Fluoroquinolones

Question 16

Atypical Pathogens of Concern

Answer 16

mycoplasma → walking PNA

chlamydophila

legionella pneumophila

tx:

macrolides

Fluoroquinolones

Question 17

Viral PNA

Answer 17

influenza

adenovirus

RSV

parainfluenza

Question 18

Hospital Acquired PNA

Answer 18

pathogens:

pseudomonas

Acinetobacter

s.aureus; H.flu; Klebsiella pneumoniae; E.coli

tx:

based on risk for MRSA and local antibiogram data

Question 19

Ventilator Associated PNA

Answer 19

pathogen: pseudomonas

tx:

Cefepime

Imipenem

Question 20

Aspiration PNA

Answer 20

pathogen: anaerobic organisms

Peptostep

Prevotella

Flusobacterium

tx:

Pipercillin/Tazo

Clindamycin

Question 21

MRSA PNA

Answer 21

tx:

Linezolid has better outcomes than Vanco

Question 22

Sinusitis

Answer 22

pathogens: most commonly viral

bacterial:

strep pneumo

H.flu

M.catarrhalis

tx:

kids: Augmentin

PCN allergy: Levofloxacin

adults: Augmentin

PCN allergy: Doxycycline

Question 23

what abx should be avoided for s. pneumoniae and empiric tx in CO

Answer 23

macrolides!

70% resistance

Question 24

Influenza

Answer 24

tx:

Neuroaminidase inhibitors: Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and/or Zanamivir (Relenza)

Question 25

Chronic Bronchitis

Answer 25

**pathogen:** ***usually viral*** **bacterial:** m.catarrhalis **tx:** Macrolides Bactrim

Question 26

Fungal Lung Infxns

Answer 26

**pathogen:** **Aspergillus** Candida albicans **tx:** Fluconazole Voriconazole

Question 27

S. pneumoniae prevention

Answer 27

**indications:** 65 yo or older asplenic immunocompromised **types:** Prevnar 13 Pneumovax 23 ***\>65 yo get both***

Question 28

gram negative bacteria common. names

Answer 28

E.coli Klebsiella Pseudomonas H.flu

Question 29

gram negative common infxns

Answer 29

UTI cystitis

Question 30

common bacteria of the nose and sinuses

Answer 30

s. aureus s. pneumo H.flu viruses

Question 31

common bacteria of the ear

Answer 31

strep pneumo s. aureus group B strep H.flu

Question 32

common bacteria of the bronchi and bronchioles

Answer 32

H.flu S. pneumoniae bortadella pertussis mycoplasma

Question 33

common bacteria of the throat and tonsils

Answer 33

S. pyogenes Corynebacterium diphtheria H.flu viruses

Question 34

common bacteria of the alveoli

Answer 34

s. pneumo s. aureus klebsiella legionella myobacterium tuberculosis viruses

Question 35

most important pathogen in respiratory infxns

Answer 35

s. pneumoniae

Question 36

SABAs

Answer 36

Albuterol Xopenex

Question 37

SAMAs

Answer 37

Ipratropium (Atrovent)

Question 38

Combo SABA/SAMA

Answer 38

Albuterol + Atrovent

Question 39

LABAs

Answer 39

Salmeterol (Serevent) Formoterol (Perforomist) Aformoterol (Brovana)

Question 40

LAMAs

Answer 40

Aclidinium Bromide (Tudorza Genuair) Glycopyrronium Bromide (Foradil) Tiotropium (Spiriva)

Question 41

ICS

Answer 41

Beclomethasone (QVAR) Fluticasone (Flovent) Budesonide (Pulmicort)

Question 42

Leukotriene Modifiers

Answer 42

Montelukast (Singulair)

Question 43

Mast Cell Stabilizers

Answer 43

Cromolyn Sodium Nedocromil

Question 44

Advair

Answer 44

LABA + ICS Salmeterol + Fluticasone

Question 45

Trelegy Ellipta

Answer 45

LAMA + ICS Umeclidinum/Fluticasone

Question 46

tx for exercise induced asthma

Answer 46

prn SABA

Question 47

tx for non exercise induced asthma

Answer 47

**SMART guidelines: ICS + LABA** 1. PRN Symbicort 2. Symbicort daily 3. low dose Symbicort 4. medium dose Symbicort 5. high dose Symbicort

Question 48

Symbicort Advair

Answer 48

fluticasone + Salmeterol | (ICS + LABA)

Question 49

COPD: Group A tx

Answer 49

SABA

Question 50

COPD: group B

Answer 50

LABA or LAMA

Question 51

COPD tx: group C

Answer 51

LAMA

Question 52

COPD group D tx

Answer 52

LAMA or LAMA + LABA or ICS + LABA

Question 53

croup

Answer 53

**mild:** dexamethasone **moderate:** racemic epi + dexamethasone **severe:** racemic epi q 20 min + dexamethasone; **admit**

Question 54

bacterial tracheitis

Answer 54

1. visualize airway in controlled environment 2. intubation 3. broad spectrum abx

Question 55

pertussis peds

Answer 55

usually viral Azithromycin can help ## Footnote ***avoid steroids***

Question 56

Insomnia

Answer 56

1. CBT 2. Melatonin 3. Trazadone

Question 57

Narcolepsy

Answer 57

**1. Modafinil (Provagil)** 2. Ritalin/Concerta 3. Amphetamines