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Clin Med 1 > Final - Student/Jeopardy Questions > Flashcards

Final - Student/Jeopardy Questions Flashcards

1
Q

which dizziness condition usually presents after a URI

A

labyrinthitis

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2
Q

A 75 yo is depressed and not gaining wt. What would your first choice med be?

A

Remeron (Mirtazapene)

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3
Q

difference btw HFrEF and HFpEF

A

less than or equal to 50% ejection fraction

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4
Q

what two medications improve morbidity and mortality in HFrEF

A

ACEI
beta blockers

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5
Q

med for pt w. LVEF less than or equal to 40% who can’t tolerate ACEI and ARBS

A

hydralazine and nitrate

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6
Q

Eliquis reversal agent

A

Andexanet alfa (Andexxa)

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7
Q

symptoms associated w. UMN lesion

A
  1. spasticity
  2. slow RAM
  3. hyperreflexia
  4. stiffness
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8
Q

which med prolongs ALS life expectancy

A

Rilutek (Riluzole)

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9
Q

Pseudobulbar affect in ALS

A
  1. inappropriate emotional response
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10
Q

CHADS

A
  1. CHF
  2. HTN
  3. age >75
  4. DM
  5. previous stroke/TIA (2 pt)

2 or higher = anticoagulate

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11
Q

what drug is best for rhythm control in afib

A

Amiodarone

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12
Q

which tremor is improved w. moderate etoh

A

benign essential

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13
Q

most effective drug in symptomatic Parkinson’s

A

Sinemet (Carbidopa/Levodopa)

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14
Q

tx for benign essential tremor

A

Propranolol

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15
Q

posterior pituitary hormones (2)

A
  1. oxytocin
  2. vasopressin
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16
Q

ABI diagnostic of PAD

A

<0.9

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17
Q

most common pituitary screening hormone

A

prolactin

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18
Q

tx for Alzheimer’s

A

Aricept

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19
Q

first line maintenance therapy for vasospastic angina

A

CCB

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20
Q

EKG for vasospastic angina during episode

A

ST elevations

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21
Q

statin benefit groups

A
  1. ASCVD
  2. LDL>190
  3. 40-75 yo w. DM
  4. 10 year risk for ASCVD 7.5% or higher
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22
Q

first line alternative med for pt who do not tolerate statins (or used as adjunctive to statins)

A

Ezitimibe

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23
Q

which type of nystagmus is the most concerning why?

A

vertigal; CNS

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24
Q

which anticoagulant do you prescribe to a pt w. a mechanical valve

A

Warfarin (Coumadin)

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25
which lab is continuously monitored for pt on Warfarin
INR
26
nl INR
2.0-3.0
27
nl INR for mechanical heart valve
2.5-3.5
28
tx for Afib pt with scheduled cardioversion
anticoags 30 days before AND after cardioversion
29
test for myasthenia gravis that improves symptoms
ice pack
30
single most sensitive test for MG
single fiber electromyography
31
differentiating factor between MG and botulism
1. descending paralysis in botulism 2. fatigabillity in MG
32
1st test to order if GH excess is suspected
IFG-1
33
most common cause of acromegaly
benign pituitary adenoma
34
manifestations of acromegaly
enlargement of hands, feet, jaw, internal organs HTN; DM2; CHF cardiomegaly, macroglossia deep voice OSA; spinal stenosis; arthralgias; wt gain; hypogonadism decreased libido; ED; irregular menses; temporal hemianopsia HA; thick skin; hyperhidrosis; acne; skin tags; colon polyps
35
gold standard lab test for confirming acromegaly
1 hour glucose tolerance test → should stop GH from being released
36
fxns of GH
increase calcium retention increase muscle mass stimulate growth of all internal organs ***except brain*** decrease liver uptake of glucose promote lipolysis promote gluconeogenesis maintain homeostasis maintain fxn of pancreatic islets increase protein synthesis
37
layers of the adrenal gland
zona glomerulosa → mineralocorticoids zona fasiculata → glucocorticoids zona reticularis → sex hormones
38
mineralocorticoid examples
steroid hormones that regulate salt and water → **aldosterone**
39
glucocorticoid examples
**fight inflammation** → **cortisol;** cortisone; dexamethasone; hydrocortisone; prednisone; methylprednisone
40
examples of sex hormones released by adrenal gland
androgens estrogens
41
MEN 1 tumors affect
parathyroid anterior pituitary pancreas **PAP**
42
pheochromocytoma triad
HA sweating tachycardia
43
2 tests if you suspect pheochromocytoma
24 hr urine fractionated metanephrines and catecholamines plasma fractionated metanephrines
44
first line tx for a pt w. bilateral adrenal hyperplasia causing hyperaldosteronism if surgery is not an option
spironolactone (Aldactone)
45
main lab abnormality in hypoaldosteronism
hyperkalemia
46
3 fxns of aldosterone
water resorption Na+ resorption increased bp K+ secretion H+ secretion
47
adrenal adenoma that causes hyperaldosteronism
Conn's syndrome
48
3 clinical findings i pt w. hyperaldosteronism
hypokalemia hypernatremia metabolic alkalosis difficult to control HTN
49
elevated PAC and elevated PRA = what type of hyperaldosteronism
secondary → kidney's secretion of renin is stimulating aldosterone → negative feedback is not working on kidney to stop PRA secretion
50
factors that can trigger renin secretion
CHF cirrhosis volume depletion
51
main hormone underproduced in adrenal insufficiency
cortisol
52
pathology of tertiary adrenal insufficiency
lack of CRH from hypothalamus
53
tx for sick pt who has adrenal insufficiency
high dose steroids
54
2 features seen in primary but not secondary or tertiary adrenal insufficiency
hyperpigmentation hyperkalemia dehydration GI symptoms
55
what meds should you give to pt w. primary adrenal insufficiency on a daily basis
corticosteroids: florinef hydrocortisone or prednisone +/- DHEA
56
where is Cushing's dz localized
pituitary → tumor oversecreting ACTH
57
clinical manifestations of Cushing's
hyperglycemia hyperpigmentation moon facies buffalo hump fungal infxns acanthosis nigricans
58
tx for cushing's dz
transphenoidal resection
59
most common cause of ACTH-producing tumor
small cell lung cancer
60
3 first line tests to show increased cortisol
dexamethasone suppression late night salivary cortisol 24 hr urinary free cortisol excretion

Clin Med 1 (6 decks)

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