ABGs

Question 1

First thing to look at on ABG

Answer 1

OXYGEN
PaO2 should be over 10!
On oxygen therapy, 10kpa less than inspired concentration (if on 40kpa, they would have 30kpa)

Question 2

PO2 hypoxic

Answer 2

<10

Question 3

PO2 for resp fail

Answer 3

<8

Question 4

Type 1 vs 2 resp fail

Answer 4

1: normocap
2: hypercap >6

Question 5

Type 1 resp fail occurs as a result of

Answer 5

VQ mismatch

Question 6

Examples of VQ mismatch

Answer 6

PE, pulmonary oedema, bronchoconstriction

Question 7

Type 2 resp fail occurs due to

Answer 7

Alveolar hypoventilation

Question 8

Why does hypoventilation of alveoli happen

Answer 8

COPD, pneumonia, rib fractures, obesity, Guillain-Barre, MND, opiates

Question 9

Normal pH values of blood

Answer 9

7.35-45

Question 10

pH and CO2 in respiratory acidosis/alkalosis
Compensated?

Answer 10

Low ph, high CO2
High ph, low Co2
low ph, high co2, high bicarb
high ph, low co2, low bicarb

Question 11

ph and co2 and hco3 in metabolic acidosis/alkalosis
Compensated?

Answer 11

Low ph, low hco3
High ph, high hco3
Low ph, low hco3, low co2
High ph, high hco2, high co2

Question 12

Causes of respiratory acidosis

Answer 12

Opiates, asthma, COPD, guillian barre

Question 13

Causes of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 13

Anxiety, pain, hypoxia, PE, pneumothorax, iatrogenic

Question 14

High anion gap metabolic acidosis

Answer 14

DKA, lactic acidosis, aspirin overdose, renal fail

Question 15

Anion gap by

Answer 15

Na - Cl - HCO3

Question 16

Normal anion gap

Answer 16

Diarrhoea, renal tubular, Addisons

Question 17

Causes of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 17

Vomit, diarrhoea, diuretics, heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, conns