Abnormal hemostasis Flashcards
(32 cards)
What does abnormal hemostasis lead to
Hemorrhage or thrombosis
Platelet disorders
-Thrombocytopenia: decreased production, use too much, premature distruction
-Thrombocytopathy: not working right
Causes of decreased platelet numbers
Leads to hemorrhage
-Myelopathies
-Chemicals
-Drugs
-Radiation and chemotherapy
Causes of increased destruction of platelets
-Immune mediated: primary or secondary
-Infection
Causes of increased consumption of platelets
-Endothelial activation
-Localized intravascular coagulation
-Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Inhereted problems of platelets
-Gplb deficiency
-Defective GPIIb and GPIIIa
-Von Willebrand factor deficiency
Von Willebrand disease
Most common inherited bleeding disorder of dogs (corgi, dobermans, german sheperd)
Platelets don’t bind to endothelium
Other causes of thrombocytopathy
-Drugs
-Uremia with renal failure
-Increased FDP
-Hepatic disease
-Immun-mediated thrombocytopenia
-Megakaryocytic neoplasia
-Infection
Antiplatelet drugs
Aspirin
Coagulation disorders
Can ve inherited or acquierd
Inherited coagulation disorders
-Found in every pathway although some may be more rare
-Hemophilia A (Factor VII)
-Hemophilia B (Factor IX)
Hemophilia A
Most common coagulopathy in animals (german sheperd) Factor VIII defieciency
Acquired Coagulation disorders
-Decreased production (liver disease, Vitamin K deficiency)
-Increased utilization (endothelial injury, sever trauma or burns, DIC)
-Inhibition of coagulation factors (heparin, FDP, antiphospholipid antibody, antibody to CF)
Coagulation disorders due to liver disease
-Decreased production of pro and anti coagulant factors
-Must be really severe or DIC to see
Vitamin K dependent coagulation factor
II, VII, IX, and X, and proteins C and S
Vitamin K antagonists
-Moldy sweet clover
-Rodenticides (warfarin)
-Sulfaquinoxaline
Other causes of Vitamin K deficiency
-Anorexia
-Enteric antimicrobials
-Decreased fat digestion or absorption
Causes of DIC
Major stimulus is widespread vascular injury
DIC
Thrombin is the central role
-Activates platelets and coagulation factors and activates fibrinolysis
-Rapid consumption of hemostatic proteins (coagulopathy)
-Later get uncontrolled hemorrhage
DIC morphology
-Subclinical to sever hemorrhage
-Shock
-Organ Failure
Causes of hemorrhage
-Vascular injury
-Platelet disorders
-Coagulation disorders
Causes of vascular injury
-Trauma
-Inflammation
-Secondary invasion
-Necrosis
-Endothelial degeneration (endotoxin)
By rhexis
Active blood loss due to tears or rents in blood vessel
By diapedesis
Passive blood loss through endothelial gaps
