Inflammation 2

Question 1

Cells of inflammation

Answer 1

Granulocytes
-Neutrophils
-Eosinophils
-Basophils
Mononuclear cells
-Monocytes/Macrophages
-Lymphocytes/plasma cells
-Mast cells

Question 2

Neutrophils morphology

Answer 2

-Segmented multilobed nucleus
-Cytoplasmic granules
Primary granules
Secondary
Neutral non staining granules

Question 3

Important primary granules neutrophils

Answer 3

Myeloperoxidase and lysozyme

Question 4

Important secondary granules neutrophils

Answer 4

Collagenase

Question 5

Neutrophil characteristics

Answer 5

-Highly differentiated and no longer divide
-Mainly anaerobic and have abundant glycogen
-Function in low oxygen
-Metabolize large amounts of oxygen in response to activation

Question 6

Neutrophils action

Answer 6

Produced in bone marrow and remain for a day in storage pool. Enter the blood and circulate for 5-12 hrs. Once they emigrate they live for 1-4 days in tissues. Apoptosis following withdrawal of growth factors and other stimuli

Question 7

Neutrophil inflammatory function

Answer 7

-Phagocytosis and killing
Oxygen independent and dependent
NO also present
-Secrete inflammatory products (cytokines, arachidonic products, NETs, defensins)

Question 8

NETs

Answer 8

Web like matrix of DNA/ proteins and neutrophil granule products that trap and kill pathogen
-May be involved in autoimmunity and thrombosis

Question 9

Eosinophils morphology

Answer 9

-Segmented bilobed nucleus
-Four type of cytoplasmic granules

Question 10

Important eosinophil granules

Answer 10

Major basic protein and histaminase

Question 11

Eosinophil characteristics

Answer 11

Not as well understood
-Allergic reactions or parasitic infections
-Associated with mast cells

Question 12

Eosinophil kinetics

Answer 12

30min half-life in blood with a 12-day half-life in tissue

Question 13

Inflammatory function of eosinophils

Answer 13

-Secrete lysosomal enzymes (damage microbe membranes and degrade certain pro-inflammatory products like histamine)
-Secrete mediators (cytokines, chemokines, arachidonic acid metabolites)

Question 14

Basophil morphology

Answer 14

-Multilobed nucleus
-Cytoplasmic granules that obscure the nucleus morphology

Question 15

Basophil granules

Answer 15

-Histamine
-Proteoglycans
-Proteases

Question 16

Basophil characteristics

Answer 16

Associated with IgE dependent allergic reactions or parasitic infections
-Poorly phagocytic and sluggishly motile

Question 17

Basophil kinets

Answer 17

Probably similar to neutrophils

Question 18

Basophil inflammatory functions

Answer 18

-Secrete lysosomal enzymes
-Secrete other mediators

Question 19

Mast cell morphology

Answer 19

Smaller
-Oval to round nucleus
-Metachromatic cytoplasmic granules

Question 20

Mast cell types

Answer 20

-Connective tissues
-Mucosal

Question 21

Characteristics of mast cells

Answer 21

Prominent at allergic reactions or parasitic infections

Question 22

Kinetics of mast cells

Answer 22

4–12-week lifespan

Question 23

Major inflammatory functions of mast cells

Answer 23

-Bronchoconstriction, vasodilation and ECM degradation
-Secrete mediators

Question 24

Monocyte vs macrophage

Answer 24

Monocyte in the blood macrophage in the tissue

Question 25

Characteristics of monocytes

Answer 25

Source of macrophages and dendritic cells

Question 26

Kinetics of monocytes

Answer 26

Circulate in blood for 1-3 days and slower to emigrate than neutrophils

Question 27

Fixed macrophages

Answer 27

-Derived from monocytes -Emigrate in response to cytokines can replicate locally witing the tissues to maintain the fixed population -Exist in areas where microbial invasion is most likely -Can be innate or acquired immunity

Question 28

Dendritic cells

Answer 28

Process and present antigen to T lymphocytes (MHC II class molecules)

Question 29

Kinetics of dendritic cells

Answer 29

Derived from monocyte and emigrate in response to stimuli

Question 30

Macrophage morphology

Answer 30

Round to oval and slightly indented nucleus Cytoplasmic granules Abundant organelles

Question 31

Characteristics of macrophages

Answer 31

-Multifunctional -Aerobic -Important for inflammation and immunologic events -Critical for chronic inflammation and healing

Question 32

Types of macrophages

Answer 32

M1-Pro-inflammatory, host defense and anti-tumor immunity M2- Regulate healing, anti-inflammatory, suppress host defenses

Question 33

Inflammatory function of macrophages

Answer 33

-Phagocytosis (after neutrophils, but better at it) -Chronic inflammation -Innate and acquired immunity -Lysosomal enzymes -Oxygen metabolites -Complement components -Coagulation factors

Question 34

NK cells

Answer 34

Cytotoxic innate immunity -Respond to altered MHC 1 molecules or stress associated proteins -Lysis of target cells with perforins and granzyme -Early responder to virus-infected or tumor cells

Question 35

T cells

Answer 35

Either CD4 or CD8 cytotoxic

Question 36

B cells

Answer 36

Humoral immunity Defined by immunoglobin Differentiate into antibody-producing plasma cells following stimulation