Abnormal Immune Responses

Question 1

what are the factors in immune response (3)

Answer 1

1. tolerance
2. antibodies
3. age/diet/nutrition/genetics

Question 2

which immunoglobulin is involved in type II allergies

Answer 2

IgG and IgM

Question 3

what are the main cells involved in type I allergies

Answer 3

basophils and mast cells, producing histamin

Question 4

what are the antigen properties favouring tolerance (3)

Answer 4

1. molecular weight
2. metabolism of antigen
3. exposure time

Question 5

what factors control the immune response (3)

Answer 5

1. intensity of attack of pathogen
2. specificity (MHC I and II)
3. duration

Question 6

autoimmune diseases are classified by:

Answer 6

1. organ specific
2. systemic

Question 7

what is hypersensitivity

Answer 7

the immune system over-reacts to a stimulus

Question 8

what are the factors involved in auto-immune disease

Answer 8

• genetics
• environment
• random
• stress
• unknown
• diet

Question 9

how can anaphylaxis be treated

Answer 9

1. anti-histamines
2. steroids
3. inhalers
4. adrenalin cortisone

Question 10

which cells are essential for turning on antibody production

Answer 10

Helper T cell:
Th1 - cell mediated immunity
Th2 - humoral immunity

Question 11

which cells are CD8

Answer 11

t suppressor cells
cytotoxic t cells

Question 12

type 1 hypersensitivity in a nutshell

Answer 12

• IgE
• mast cells and basophils
• immediate response
• allergies, anaphylaxis etc

Question 13

type 2 hypersensitivity in a nutshell

Answer 13

• IgG and IgM
• cytotoxic t cells
• antibodies attack own cells, usually limited to a particular type of cell
• complement activation

Question 14

type 3 hypersensitivity in a nutshell

Answer 14

• immune complex - can travel and lodge
• IgG
• caused by group A/B strep
• treat with antibiotics/ dialysis (if required)

Question 15

type 4 hypersensitivity in a nutshell

Answer 15

• T helper cells and cytotoxic T cells
• delayed response - 48=72 hours
• eg contact dermatitis
• may lead to granulomatous hypersenitivity from exposure to leprosy

Question 16

what is an anaphylactic response

Answer 16

• widespread and rapid response to an allergen
• dramatic fall in BP and collapse
• bronchoconstriction
• can be fatal

Question 17

what are the signs/ symptoms of analphylaxis

Answer 17

• itching
• coughing
• shortness of breath
• hives
• swelling of lips
• abdominal pain
• low BP
• convulsions
• loss of consciousness

Question 18

how is anaphylaxis managed

Answer 18

• identify cause
• avoid
• wear a medical alert
• spot symptoms early
• inject epinephrin

Question 19

what is autoimmunity

Answer 19

the immune system attacks host components causing pathological change

Question 20

what are some known contributory factors in autoimmune disease

Answer 20

• genetic disposition
• host factors
• environmental factors
• molecular mimicry

Question 21

what is leukaemia

Answer 21

cancer of the immune system