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ABO Blood Group Flashcards

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1
Q

Book of Landsteiner for ABO blood group

A

The Specificity of Serologic Reactions

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2
Q

Leading cause of death in hemolytic transfusion reactions

A

Transfusion of wrong ABO group

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3
Q

Most severe HTR

A

ABO incompatibility

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4
Q

Frequent cause of death in ABO-related HTR

A

TRALI

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5
Q

The basic precursor substances added sugars for glycosyl transferases

A

Paragloboside/Glycan

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6
Q

Amorphic gene. Not code for any enzymes

A

O gene

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7
Q

ABO gene with higher concentration of transferases. 810,000 to 1,170,000 Ag sites

A

A gene

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8
Q

ABO genes with 610,000 to 830,000 Ag sites

A

B gene

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9
Q

Substance for sugars to attach to RBCs. Found on RBC surface

A

Ceramide

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10
Q

Theory for Inheritance of ABO groups

A

Bernstein (1924)

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11
Q

An individual inherits one ABO gene from each parent and that these two genes determining which ABO antigens are present on the RPC membrane

A

Codominance

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12
Q

ABO genes is:
A. Autosomal
B. Codominant
C. Dominant
D. Amorph
E. Autosomal recessive

A

A. Autosomal

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13
Q

A and B blood genes are:
A. Autosomal
B. Codominant
C. Dominant
D. Amorph
E. Autosomal recessive

A

B. Codominant

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14
Q

A and B blood groups are:
A. Autosomal
B. Codominant
C. Dominant
D. Amorph
E. Autosomal recessive

A

C. Dominant

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15
Q

O gene, no detectable antigen is produced in response to the inheritance of this gene:
A. Autosomal
B. Codominant
C. Dominant
D. Amorph
E. Autosomal recessive

A

D. Amorph

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16
Q

Group O phenotype is ____; inheritance of two non-functional genes:
A. Autosomal
B. Codominant
C. Dominant
D. Amorph
E. Autosomal recessive

A

E. Autosomal recessive

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17
Q

Detected through molecular/genetic studies

A

Genotype

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18
Q

Genotype of two identical alleles

A

Homozygous

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19
Q

Genotype of different inherited alleles

A

Heterozygous

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20
Q

Detected through serologic testing

A

Phenotype

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21
Q

ABO ISBT#

A

001

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22
Q

ABO gene chromosome

A

9q34.2

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23
Q

FUT1 chromosome

A

H gene - 19

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24
Q

FUT2 chromosome

A

Se gene - 19

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25
Glycosyltransferase and immunodominant sugar of H gene
a-2-L-fucosyltransferase; L-fucose
26
Glycosyltransferase and immunodominant sugar of A gene
a-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase; N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
27
Glycosyltransferase and immunodominant sugar of B gene
a-3-D-galactosyltransferase; D-galactose
28
T/F: the H Ag is needed for the formation of A & B Ag.
T
29
Jansky (Czech) ABO blood group nomenclature
O (I), A (II), B (III), AB (IV)
30
Moss (US) ABO blood group nomenclature
O (IV), A (II), B (III), AB (I)
31
Frequency of Blood types (Most to Least)
O > A > B > AB
32
O blood group frequency (Whites/Blacks/Asians)
45%/50%/40%
33
A blood group frequency (Whites/Blacks/Asians)
40%/26%/28%
34
B blood group frequency (Whites/Blacks/Asians)
11%/20%/25%
35
AB blood group frequency (Whites/Blacks/Asians)
4%/4%/7%
36
ABO Ag form as early as ____; with only ____% of number of antigenic sites carried by RBC neonates and found on adult RBCs
37th day of fetal life; 25-50%
37
Full expression of ABO Ag is found at what age
2-4 years
38
ABO Ag in RBCs; what type of precursor chains and linkage: controlled by what genes
Type 2 (Beta 1-4 linkage); A, B, H genes
39
ABO Ag in Secretions; what type of precursor chains and linkage: controlled by what genes
Type 1 (Beta 1-3 linkage); A, B, H, Se genes
40
Secretor genes; % of population
Sese or SeSe; 80%
41
Non-secretor gene; % of population
sese; 20%
42
ABH substances found in:
**DUBSTAMP** digestive juices urine bile saliva tears amniotic fluid milk pathological fluid (pleural/peritoneal/pericardial/ovarian cyst)
43
Excessive ABH substances in secretions is found in:
**PIC** pseudomucinous ovarian cyst intestinal obstruction carcinoma of the stomach and pancreas
44
Secretor status is determined by what priniciple; what specimen
Hemagglutination inhibition; Saliva
45
Positive result of hemagglutionation inhibition assay
No agglutionation
46
Unbranched and straight chain forms of H Ag:
H1 and H2
47
Reactivity of anti-H antisera with ABO blood groups (greatest to least)
O > A2 > B > A2B > A1 > A1B
48
A Subgroups: Reacts with anti-A1, anti-A, and anti-AB
A1
49
A Subgroups: Reacts with anti-A, and anti-AB only
A2
50
A Subgroups: MF rxn with anti-A and anti-AB
A3
51
A Subgroups: Reacts with Anti-AB, no rxn with anti-A
Ax
52
A Subgroups: MF rxn with anti-A and anti-AB but with only few agglutinates (<10%)
Aend
53
A Subgroups: Weak/No rxn with anti-A and anti-AB (with adsorption/elution)
Am
54
A Subgroups: No rxn with anti-A and anti-AB (with adsorption/elution)
Ael
55
A Subgroups: No rxn with anti-A and anti-AB observed in sibling with germline mutation (with adsorption/elution)
Ay
56
Small agglutinates within prodominantly unagglutinated red cells
Mixed-field
57
Removal of unbound antibodies from serum
Adsorption
58
Removal of bound antibodies from surfaces of RBCs
Elution
59
A1 phenotype: % of A blood group; antigenic sites for A and H; Ag present; rxn to Anti-A with anti-A1; rxn to lectin; Abs present
80%; more sites for A, less for H; A1/A; (+) Anti-A; (+) Dilochus biflorus; Anti-B
60
A2 phenotype: % of A blood group; antigenic sites for A and H; Ag present; rxn to Anti-A with anti-A1; rxn to lectin; Abs present
20%; more sites for H, less for A; A; (+) Anti-A; (0) Dilochus biflorus; Anti-B, Anti-A1
61
Structure characteristics of A2 RBCs
Aa and Ab predominant; unconverted H3 and H4 antigenic sites
62
Structure characteristics of A1 RBCs
Aa, Ab, Ac, Ad ; converted H3 and H4 antigenic sites
63
B Subgroups: Reacts with anti-B and anti-AB
B
64
B Subgroups: MF reaction with anti-B and anti-AB, most frequent B subtype
B3
65
B Subgroups: Weak rxn with anti-B and anti-AB
Bx
66
B Subgroups: No/Weak rxn with anti-B and anti-AB, converts to B if incubated with uracil diphosphate (with adsoprtion/elution)
Bm
67
B Subgroups: No rxn with anti-B and anti-AB, extremely rare (with adsoption/elution)
Bel
68
Oh/Hnull (Ahh/Bhh/ABhh) “O blood group”
Bombay Phenotype
69
hh genotype; non-secretor
Bombay
70
Bombay phenotype Ag and Abs:
No ABH; anti-A, anti-B, anti-AB, and anti-H
71
hh genotype; secretor
Parabombay
72
ABO antibodies are what immunoglobulin?
IgM > IgG > IgA
73
ABO antibodies react at what temperature?
RT (20-24oC)
74
Ab that is IgM in nature; IgG found in O individuals
Anti-A and Anti-B
75
Ab that is IgG in nature; cause ABO HDN; found in O individuals only; a cross-reacting Ab
Anti-A,B
76
ABO Ab is produced at birth and detected only at what months of age
3-6 months (4-6 months)
77
Plant or seed extracts that agglutinate human cells with some degree of specificity
Lectins
78
Anti-A1 Lectin
Dilochos biflorus
79
Anti-B Lectin
Bandeiraea simplicifolia
80
Anti-H Lectin
Ulex europeaus
81
Anti-N Lectin
Vicia graminea
82
Anti-M Lectin
Iberis amara
83
Anti-T, Th Lectin
Arachis hypogaea
84
Anti-Tn Lectin
Salvia sclarea

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