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BB LAB FINALS > abo rh typing > Flashcards

abo rh typing Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

what dye does anti a reagent use

A

Blue Dye: Bromphenol
Blue, Thymol Blue, Patent
Blue

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2
Q

what dye for anti b

A

Yellow Dye: Acriflavin,
Tartrazine Yellow

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3
Q

anti a lectin

A

Dolichos biflorus

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4
Q

lectin for anti b

A

Griffonia
simplicifolia

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5
Q

may
be used to examine reactions that appear negative by
naked eye

A

Concave mirror (agglutination viewer) or microscope

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6
Q

Process of antigen detection in an individual’s RBC

A

FORWARD TYPING

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7
Q

FORWARD TYPING (TUBE)
process

A

● Prepare 3-5% RCS
● Label 2 tubes (Anti-A and Anti-B)
● Add 1 gtt. RCS into each test tube
● Add 2 gtt. of Antisera to their respective tubes
● Centrifuge for 15-30 secs
● Gently Resuspend and evaluate agglutination

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8
Q

REVERSE TYPING (TUBE)

A

● Label 2 tubes (A cells and B cells)
● Add 2 gtts. serum into each test tube
● Add 1 gtts. of Known cells to their respective tubes
● Centrifuge for 15-30 secs
● Gently Resuspend and evaluate agglutination

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9
Q

blood type if it reacts with both anti a and anti b in forward typing

A

ab

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10
Q

blood type if it does not react with either anti a and anti b in forward typing

A

blood type o

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11
Q

no rxn in a and b in reverse typing

A

ab

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12
Q

reaction in both known a and b in reverse typing

A

o

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13
Q

COMMON TECHNICAL ERROR resolution

A

If the initial test used RBCs suspended in serum or plasma, repeat testing with a
saline suspension of RBCs can usually resolve the ABO discrepancy.

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14
Q

weakly reacting/missing antibodies

A

GROUP I

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15
Q

weakly reacting/missing antigens

A

GROUP II

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16
Q

Protein/Plasma
Abnormalities

A

GROUP III

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17
Q

Miscellaneous problems

A

GROUP IV

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18
Q

WEAKLY REACTING/MISSING ANTIBODIES
● Detected in ___ grouping.

A

WEAKLY REACTING/MISSING ANTIBODIES
● Detected in reverse grouping.

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19
Q

Missing or weak isoagglutinin due to decreased antibody production or inability to
generate ABO antibodies,

A

GROUP I DISCREPANCIES

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20
Q

commonly seen in:
○ Newborns
○ Elderly
○ Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
○ Patients with immunodeficiency diseases
○Hypogammaglobulinemia / Congenital Agammaglobulinemia

A

GROUP I DISCREPANCIES

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21
Q

resolution for group discrepancies Enhancing weak or missing antibodies:

A

○ Allow 15 to 30 minutes for the patient serum to react with reagent A and B cells at room temperature. If no reaction after centrifugation, incubate the
serum-cell mixtures at 4°C for 15 to 30 minutes.

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22
Q

significant when testing at low
temperatures because it can increase the reactivity of other cold agglutinins like
anti-I, which reacts with all adult red blood cells.

A

Utilized auto control and O cell control

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23
Q

what uses Utilized auto control and O cell control as a resolution

A

group discerpancy

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24
Q
A
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24
WEAKLY REACTING/MISSING ANTIGENS ● Detected in ___ grouping.
WEAKLY REACTING/MISSING ANTIGENS ● Detected in forward grouping.
25
Leukemias and Hodgkin’s Disease
GROUP II DISCREPANCIES
26
Acquired B phenomenon
GROUP II
27
Presence of excessive Blood group specific soluble (BGSS) molecules
GROUP II DISCREPANCIES
28
Weakly reactive or absent reactions in RBC grouping
GROUP II DISCREPANCIES
29
Patients with immunodeficiency diseases
GROUP I DISCREPANCIES
30
Hypogammaglobulinemia/Congenital Agammaglobulinemia
GROUP I DISCREPANCIES
31
Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
GROUP I DISCREPANCIES
32
resolution for group b
RESOLUTION ● Allow the test mixture to sit at room temperature for up to 30 minutes ● Incubate the test mixture at 4°C for 15–30 minutes if the response is still negative. ● Group O and autologous cells should be used as controls. ● RBCs can also be retested
33
can result in attenuated A or B antigens,
Leukemias
34
has been noted to occasionally resemble the depression of antigens present in leukemia.
Hodgkin's disease
35
will show weak reactions with anti-B antisera and is most often associated with diseases of the digestive tract (e.g., cancer of the colon).
“acquired B” phenomenon
36
acquired b phenomenon resolution
RESOLUTION ● Acidify Anti-B reagent to a pH of 6 ● Run DAT ● Run autocontrol.
37
LEUKEMIAS AND HODGKIN’S DISEASE resolution
● Allow the test mixture to sit at room temperature for up to 30 minutes ● Incubate the test mixture at 4°C for 15–30 minutes if the response is still negative. ● Group O and autologous cells should be used as controls. ● RBCs can also be retested
38
can happen in various disorders like stomach and pancreatic cancer, may be the cause of weakly reactive or absent reactions in RBC grouping
excessive blood group-specific soluble (BGSS) molecules in the plasma,
39
PRESENCE OF EXCESSIVE BGSS MOLECULES resolution
RESOLUTION ● Washing the patient cells free of the BGSS substances with saline should alleviate the problem, resulting in correlating forward and reverse groupings
40
WEAKLY REACTIVE OR ABSENT REACTIONS in g discrepancies. resolution
Repeating the forward type with antisera from a different lot number is the most efficient way to address this issue.
41
Leads to Rouleaux formation or pseudoagglutination
PROTEIN OR PLASMA ABNORMALITIES
42
PROTEIN OR PLASMA ABNORMALITIES
GROUP III DISCREPANCIES
43
resolution for g dicrepancies
● Microscopic examination ● Washing with saline ● Run antibody screen
44
MISCELLANEOUS
GROUP IV DISCREPANCIES
45
Cold-reactive autoantibodies (spontaneous agglutination)
GROUP IV DISCREPANCIES
46
The patient has circulating RBC of more than one ABO group
GROUP IV DISCREPANCIES
47
Unexpected ABO isoagglutinin
GROUP IV DISCREPANCIES
48
Unexpected non-ABO alloantibodies
GROUP IV DISCREPANCIES
49
RESOLUTION (DUE TO COLD AUTOANTIBODIES)
● Incubate at 37 deg C for a short period of time, then wash with saline 3x, retype ● Additional step may include the pre warming of serum and reagent at 37 deg C for 10-15 minutes ● [IF NOT RESOLVED] Treat with 0.01M DTT ● [IF NOT RESOLVED] perform cold auto adsorption
50
RESOLUTION (DUE TO UNEXPECTED ABO ISOAGGLUTININS)
● Use Anti-A1 lectin ● Test Serum with A1, A2, and O cells ● Run autologous control ● Perform AB panel
51
Composed of 5 major antigens that are codominantly expressed
RH BLOOD GROUP
52
RH ANTISERA
SALINE BASED (IgM) * HIGH PROTEIN (IgG) LOW PROTEIN (modififed IgG) * MONOCLONAL BLENDS (IgM AND IgG)
53
Low Protein Based rh antisera
SALINE BASED (IgM)
54
* Limited availability * Cost of production * Increased incubation * Not for weak D typing rh antisera
saline based /igm
55
rh antisera that allows fast and direct agglutination reactions
HIGH PROTEIN (IgG)
56
* Decreased false positive * Used of slide and tibe control * Readily Available rh antisera
LOW PROTEIN (modififed IgG)
57
* Not guman derived * More specific encounters
MONOCLONAL BLENDS (IgM AND IgG)
58
RH BLOOD GROUPING SLIDE TYPING
1. Divide the glass slide into two chambers. Label “T” for Test sample and “C” for control 2. Pre-warm the clean glass slide to 37 degree celcius 3. Add 1 gtt of Blood into each chamber 4. Add 1 gtt of Anti-D to the “T” chamber ; Add 1 gtt of BSA into the “C” chamber 5. Mix and incubate for two minutes 6. Check for agglutination
59
RH BLOOD GROUPING TUBE TYPING
1. Label two tubes Test and Control 2. Place 1 gtt of Anti-D in “Test” 3. Place 1 gtt of BSA in “Control” 4. Add 1 gtt of 5% RCS into both tubes 5. Mix the contents and centrifuge for 15 to 30 seconds 6. Gently agitate and check for agglutination
60
● All negative tubes should be incubated at
37C for 15 minutes.
61
If weak D test and patient control are negative,
add Coombs check cells
62
If agglutination does not occur, the
AHG has been inactivated and the test is invalid. Repeat test on well washed cell suspension.
63
Add ____ to enhance any weak reactions – centrifuged – read
AHG
64
memorize false positive and negative and their correction

BB LAB FINALS (3 decks)

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