ABSITE - GI hormones

Question 1

gastrin is produced in ___ (cell type, organ)

Answer 1

G cells

stomach antrum, duodenum

Question 2

___ stimulate gastrin secretion

Answer 2

protein
vagal input (acetylcholine)
EtOH
antral distension
pH > 3.0

Question 3

___ inhibit gastrin secretion

Answer 3

pH < 3.0
somatostatin
secretin
CCK

Question 4

action of gastrin

Answer 4

enterochromaffin cells -> histamine -> parietal cells -> HCl, intrinsic factor
chief cells -> pepsinogen
increase gastric motility

Question 5

somatostatin is produced in ___ (cell type, organ)

Answer 5

D cells
stomach antrum
small intestine
pancreas

Question 6

___ stimulates somatostatin secretion

Answer 6

acid in duodenum

Question 7

action of somatostatin

Answer 7

inhibits gastrin and HCl release
inhibits release of insulin, glucagon, secretin, CCK, GIP, VIP, motilin
decreases pancreatic and biliary output
slows gastric emptying

Question 8

CCK is produced in ___ (cell type, organ)

Answer 8

I cells

duodenum

Question 9

___ stimulate CCK secretion

Answer 9

protein, fat in duodenum

Question 10

action of CCK

Answer 10

relaxation of sphincter of Oddi
gallbladder contraction
increased pancreatic acinar enzyme secretion
increased intestinal motility

Question 11

secretin is produced in ___ (cell type, organ)

Answer 11

S cells

duodenum

Question 12

___ stimulate secretin secretion

Answer 12

pH < 4.0
fat
bile

Question 13

___ inhibit secretin secretion

Answer 13

pH > 4.0

gastrin

Question 14

action of secretin

Answer 14

increased pancreatic ductal HCO3 secretion

increased bile flow

Question 15

motilin is produced in ___ (cell type, organ)

Answer 15

M cells

duodenum

Question 16

___ stimulate motilin secretion

Answer 16

acid in duodenum
vagus input (acetylcholine)
fasting/inter-digestive phase

Question 17

___ inhibit motilin secretion

Answer 17

somatostatin
secretin
pancreatic polypeptide
fat in duodenum

Question 18

action of motilin

Answer 18

increases antrum and duodenal motility

initiates phase III (peristalsis) of the MMC

Question 19

glucagon is produced in ___ (cell type, organ)

Answer 19

alpha cells
pancreas
stomach
intestine

Question 20

___ stimulate glucagon secretion

Answer 20

decreased serum glucose
increased serum amino acids
vagus input (acetylcholine)
catecholamines

Question 21

___ inhibit glucagon secretion

Answer 21

increased serum glucose
insulin
somatostatin

Question 22

action of glucagon

Answer 22

relax sphincter of Oddi
glycogenolysis
gluconeogenesis
lipolysis
ketogenesis
proteolysis
decrease gastric acid secretion
decrease pancreatic secretion
decrease intestinal motility
decrease gastric motility
decrease MMC

Question 23

insulin is produced by ___ (cell type, organ)

Answer 23

beta cells

pancreas

Question 24

___ stimulate insulin secretion

Answer 24

increased serum glucose
glucagon
protein ingestion

Question 25

___ inhibit insulin secretion

Answer 25

somatostatin

Question 26

action of insulin

Answer 26

cellular glucose uptake protein synthesis glycogen synthesis fat synthesis

Question 27

pancreatic polypeptide is produced in ___

Answer 27

islet cells | pancreas

Question 28

action of pancreatic polypeptide

Answer 28

decreases pancreatic endocrine, exocrine function

Question 29

peptide YY is produced in ___

Answer 29

terminal ileum

Question 30

___ stimulate peptide YY secretion

Answer 30

fatty meal

Question 31

action of peptide YY

Answer 31

decrease gastric emptying decrease gastric acid secretion decrease pancreatic function inhibit gallbladder contraction

Question 32

bombesin (gastrin-releasing peptide) is produced in ___

Answer 32

post-ganglionic fibers of vagus nerve

Question 33

action of bombesin

Answer 33

increases gastric acid secretion increases intestinal motility increases pancreatic enzyme secretion

Question 34

vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is produced in ___

Answer 34

intestine | pancreas

Question 35

___ stimulate vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) secretion

Answer 35

fat | acetylcholine

Question 36

action of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)

Answer 36

increases intestinal secretion of water, electrolytes | increases intestinal motility