ABSITE > ABSITE - antibiotics > Flashcards

ABSITE - antibiotics Flashcards

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1
Q

mechanism of quinolones

A

inhibitor of DNA gyrase (topoisomerase)

bactericidal

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2
Q

mechanism of rifampin

A

inhibitor of RNA polymerase

bactericidal

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3
Q

mechanism of metronidazole

A

produces oxygen radicals -> DNA damage

bactericidal

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4
Q

mechanism of sulfonamides

A

PABA analogue -> inhibit purine synthesis

bacteriostatic

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5
Q

mechanism of trimethoprim

A

inhibits dihydrofolate reductase -> inhibit purine synthesis
synergistic with sulfonamides
bacteriostatic

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6
Q

mechanism of penicillin

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis

bactericidal

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7
Q

mechanism of cephalosporins

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis

bactericidal

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8
Q

mechanism of carbapenems

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis

bactericidal

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9
Q

mechanism of monobactams

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis

bactericidal

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10
Q

mechanism of vancomycin

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis

bactericidal

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11
Q

mechanism of tetracycline

A

bind 30s ribosome -> inhibit protein synthesis

bacteriostatic

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12
Q

mechanism of aminoglycosides

A

bind 30s ribosome -> inhibit protein synthesis

bactericidal

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13
Q

mechanism of erythromycin

A

bind 50s ribosome -> inhibit protein synthesis

bacteriostatic

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14
Q

mechanism of clindamycin

A

bind 50s ribosome -> inhibit protein synthesis

bacteriostatic

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15
Q

mechanism of chloramphenicol

A

bind 50s ribosome -> inhibit protein synthesis

bacteriostatic

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16
Q

mechanism of linezolid

A

bind 50s ribosome -> inhibit protein synthesis

bactericidal

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17
Q

mechanism of penicillin resistance

A

transfer of beta-lactamase plasmid

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18
Q

mechanism of cephalosporin resistance

A

transfer of beta-lactamase plasmid

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19
Q

mechanism of monobactam resistance

A

transfer of beta-lactamase plasmid

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20
Q

mechanism of carbapenem resistance

A

transfer of beta-lactamase plasmid

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21
Q

mechanism of gentamicin resistance

A

decreased active transport into cell (modified enzyme)

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22
Q

mechanism of MRSA resistance

A

mutation in cell wall binding protein

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23
Q

mechanism of VRE resistance

A

mutation in cell wall binding protein

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24
Q

coverage of penicillin

A 
streptococcus (incl. b-hemolytic)
syphilis
neisseria
c. perfringens
anthrax

does not cover staphylococcus, enterococcus

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25
coverage of oxacillin/nafcillin
staph aureus does not cover MRSA
26
coverage of amoxicillin, ampicillin
``` streptococcus (incl. b-hemolytic) syphilis neisseria c. perfringens anthrax enterococcus ``` does not cover staphylococcus
27
coverage of ampicillin+sulbactam
GPCs (incl enterococci) GNRs +/- anaerobic does not cover pseudomonas, acinetobacter, serratia
28
coverage of ticarcillin, piperacillin
GNRs: (incl. pseudomonas, acinetobacter) does not cover anaerobes
29
coverage of ticarcillin+clavulanate, piperacillin+tazobactam
GPCs GNRs (incl. pseudomonas, acinetobacter) anaerobes
30
coverage of 1st generation cephalosporins
``` GPCs few GNRs (Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella) does not cover enterococcus, pseudomonas ```
31
examples of 1st generation cephalosporins
cefazolin | cephalexin
32
coverage of 2nd generation cephalosporins
GPCs (lose some staph activity) more GNRs (Haemophilus, Enterobacter, Neisseria, +1st gen) +/- anaerobes does not cover enterococcus, pseudomonas
33
examples of 2nd generation cephalosporins
cefoxitin cefaclor cefuroxime cefotetan
34
coverage of 3rd generation cephalosporins
GNRs (2nd gen + pseudomonas) +/- anaerobic does not cover enterococcus
35
examples of 3rd generation cephalosporins
ceftriaxone cefixime cefotaxime ceftazidime
36
coverage of 4th generation cephalosporins
GPCs (similar to 1st gen) GNRs (incl pseudomonas) +/- anaerobes does not cover enterococcus, MRSA
37
example of 4th generation cephalosporins
cefepime
38
coverage of 5th generation cephalosporins
MRSA | GNRs (similar to 1st gen)
39
example of 5th generation cephalosporins
ceftaroline
40
coverage of monobactams
GNRs (similar to 3rd gen cephalosporin) does not cover GPCs, anaerobes
41
coverage of meropenem
GPCs (incl enterococcus) GNRs (incl pseudomonas) anaerobes does not cover MRSA
42
coverage of imipenem
GPCs (incl enterococcus) GNRs (incl pseudomonas) anaerobes does not cover MRSA
43
coverage of doripenem
GPCs (incl enterococcus) GNRs (incl pseudomonas) anaerobes does not cover MRSA
44
coverage of ertapenem
GPCs GNRs anaerobes does not cover MRSA, enterococcus, acinetobacter, pseudomonas
45
mechanism of cilastatin
prevents renal hydrolysis of imipenem
46
which carbapenem is most likely to cause seizures?
imipenem
47
which carbapenem is least likely to cause seizures?
ertapenem
48
coverage of aminoglycosides
GPCs GNRs does not cover anaerobes
49
coverage of quinolones
``` GPCs GNRs (incl pseudomonas) ``` does not cover MRSA, enterococcus, anaerobes
50
coverage of clindamycin
GPCs anaerobes does not cover MRSA
51
adverse effects of ticarcillin, piperacillin
platelet inhibition | high salt load
52
adverse effects of cephalosporins
cholestatic jaundice | sludging in gallbladder
53
adverse effects of vancomycin
red man syndrome HTN nephrotoxicity ototoxicity
54
adverse effects of Bactrim
``` erythema multiforme hemolysis in G6PD deficiency nephrotoxic allergic reaction teratogenic ```
55
adverse effects of quinolones
tendon rupture prolong QT interval increase levels of warfarin
56
adverse effects of aminoglycosides
nephrotoxicity/ATN (reversible) | ototoxicity (irreversible)
57
adverse effects of erythromycin
nausea | cholestasis
58
adverse effects of metronidazole
peripheral neuropathy | disulfiram-like reaction
59
adverse effects of rifampin
hepatotoxicity | GI symptoms
60
adverse effects of isoniazid
hepatotoxicity | B6 deficiency
61
adverse effects of pyrazinamide
hepatotoxicity
62
adverse effects of ethambutol
retrobulbar neuritis
63
mechanism of amphotericin
polyene macrolide | binds to fungal membrane sterols -> cell lysis
64
adverse effects of amphotericin
``` nephrotoxicity anaphylaxis anemia hypokalemia hypotension ```
65
mechanism of fluconazole
disruption of fungal membrane sterol synthesis
66
adverse effects of fluconazole
nausea vomiting diarrhea
67
mechanism of caspofungin
disruption of fungal membrane sterol synthesis
68
best antifungal for coverage of aspergillus
voriconazole
69
best antifungal for coverage of C. glabrata
caspofungin
70
mechanism of sulbactam, clavulanate
beta-lactamase inhibitors
71
coverage of Bactrim
GNRs +/- GPCs (incl MRSA) does not cover pseudomonas, enterococcus, acinetobacter, serratia
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